Thursday, August 27, 2020

Criminal justice issues Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal equity issues - Annotated Bibliography Example Criminologists accept this is a solid indicator of criminal results in youth. Early instructive encounters, the negative marking impact by educators and companions in school, has been sited as having direct associations with later criminal conduct. A few examinations have recognized a friend impact on misconduct, where the companion bunch impacts singular investment in reprobate conduct, which impacts the later beginning of wrongdoing. While doing inadequately in school may introduce different components, absolutely the response from educators and peers and the demoralization or consolation by people with significant influence directly affects the manner in which the understudy fathoms oneself. This has been found to have current cultural as well as sweeping life outcomes also. Then again, positive naming at an early age and proceeded with positive help by companions and parental figures and other power figures has a tremendous impact in the further anticipation of savagery and other criminally related conduct. . Compactly put, marking hypothesis takes a gander at varying naming sources and explicit connections after some time and makes an endeavor to foresee the beginning of freak conduct in adolescents. Adolescents are routinely shelled with various prompts and signals regarding how they are being seen by others. Through the demonstration of job taking and other characterizing circumstances Adams, Robertson, Gray-Ray and Ray accept that adolescents can â€Å"accurately decipher the implications of images and motions used to extend names upon them† (2003, p. 172). This permits a projection of self into the job of a power figure or critical other and permits the young to make a self-examination or evaluation through the eyes of another. The very regular reaction, â€Å"I wonder their thought process me,† is a recognizable hold back to every one of us. In some sense the self at that point turns into an article

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Star dust relationships Free Essays

Chief Shakespeare coach of youth In the film Stardust, a film about a kid turning into a man however a Journey for adoration, connections assume a key job in the plot. Enticement sent the principle character Tristan on a Journey that will change an incredible course. Tristan in the long run finds the fallen star and the connection among Yvaine and Tristan has started. We will compose a custom paper test on Star dust connections or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Tristan and Yvaine learn numerous things along their Journey particularly while meeting Captain Shakespeare. The things they gain from Captain Shakespeare are that, there are ifetimes to manufacture seconds to wreck, Tristan turns into a man and the two of them discover that genuine affection is directly before them. Tristan’s desire towards Victoria has sent him on a Journey to locate the fallen star, which has fallen on the opposite side of the divider, a spot where individuals from England are not to cross. At the point when Tristan finds the star, Yvaine, he returns her on the Journey to the divider. In the long run after a timeframe they end up in the mists where they are gotten by the frightening commander Shakespeare. Skipper Shakespeare is a man iding something different, something that he wouldn’t show somebody he doesn’t trust, concealing the way that he has a delicate side. He conceived an approach to get Tristan and Yvaine to the divider. During that time he tells Tristan the best way to fght and Yvaine to waltz, the entire time attempting to conceal this delicate side he has, despite the fact that he is flooding with happiness. He uncovers to Yvaine about the well established reality that she is a star since she has been sparkling more splendid consistently and he thinks he knows precisely why. This tutor to understudy relationship is one that identifies with a wide range of things, for example, the children learning rom their folks. The second thing these two gain from Captain Shakespeare is that there are lifetimes to manufacture and seconds to demolish. This implies what it seems like, one has an entire lifetime to manufacture a notoriety for them, while yet there are seconds to devastate. Skipper Shakespeare is a fine portrayal of this for he himself has an extremely enormous, and erroneous, notoriety to continue. Being the skipper of the Sky vessel and child of the amazing Captain Ghostmaker, he is known as a murderous executioner who is intense as nails. He picked his name Shakespeare as a result of the English artist and dramatist, however his team considers it to be â€Å"shake spear†, or shaking a lance. Under his extreme outside skipper Shakespeare could be known as a â€Å"softy’, he gets a kick out of the chance to take on the appearance of a lady now and then to communicate his actual emotions. He will later be trapped in the activity by Prince Septimus, one of the 2 residual rulers endeavoring to find Yvaine, the fallen star. Commander Shakespeare’s group, in the wake of pursuing Septimus off the vessel, sees him spruced up as a lady with cosmetics on and says that they all realized he was whoopsie. They wouldn’t have seen as anything diverse then as their commander regardless of how he seemed to be, which additionally shows that notoriety isn’t precisely everything. The exact opposite thing that Captain Shakespeare instructs Tristan is that affection is directly before him. Tristan initially went to discover the star for the young lady he had always wanted Victoria, she allows him seven days to discover the star and take it back to her or she will wed Humphrey. Victoria needs to â€Å"bought† for her adoration and when Yvaine requests that Tristan educate ner some all the more concerning Victoria Tristan nas no more to state about her. He never ully acknowledges what he has before him until he meets Captain Shakespeare. Shakespeare has seen Tristan and Yvaine develop to be not the same as the individuals that showed up on the vessel toward the start of their Journey. Tristan currently has long hair, a blade and the abilities to go with the sword. Yvaine is no longer in a shower robe and has figured out how to waltz. The two have changed into greater and better individuals. During the time wherein Yvaine and commander Shakespeare are moving Tristan removes Yvaine from Shakespeare and hits the dance floor with her, as they move she gleams as she miles and snickers at things Tristan says and does. This makes skipper Shakespeare grin. Before the two leave skipper Shakespeare gives Tristan a thing of helping and a murmur, in which he said that Tristan’s genuine affection is truly directly before him clearly what he was stating, is that Yvaine is his genuine affection. This thusly, ends up being valid for Tristan and Yvaine become hitched and Tristan becomes ruler. Chief Shakespeare shows Tristan 3 fundamental things that affection can now and again be directly before you, that there is a lifetime to fabricate and seconds to demolish, and tells and eaches Tristan the best way to turn into a man. Tristan and Yvaine become hitched and Tristan realizes who his mom truly is. In Tristan turning into a man he goes to Victoria and as opposed to tossing the stone at his window, a virtuous activity, he thumps on her entryway to disclose to her that he doesn’t need be and she needs to grow up. At that point as he is surrendering remains over to Humphrey and demonstrates significantly more that he has developed into something else. This is the means by which Tristan and Yvaine develop into various individuals through the brilliant molding hands of Captain Shakespeare. Step by step instructions to refer to Star dust connections, Papers

Friday, August 21, 2020

Tips For Writing Expository Essays

Tips For Writing Expository EssaysThere are many expository essay samples on the internet, and this can be confusing for first-time writers. If you have tried to write a good expository essay before, you might think it is the same as writing an essay without all of the expository phrases and examples. The difference is that with an expository essay you are still using a single point.The essay that will be the most difficult for you to write is the expository essay. This is because there are so many different aspects that must be handled in order to make the whole piece of writing work well. With an expository essay sample it is possible to gain some knowledge of how to write this type of essay, but it is not possible to gain all of the tricks of the trade.An expository essay is the easiest of all essays to write. With this type of essay, all you have to do is point out what another person or entity is saying in a very simple manner. An example of this would be something like, 'The La w of Gravity states that an object in a gravitational field tends to stay at the same place.'There are many different kinds of elements that must be dealt with when writing an expository essay. This type of essay can get very complex and even quite complex to write, but with a good expository essay sample that you are familiar with you will be able to create a concise essay in no time at all. There are many ways that you can use expository essay samples, but one of the best ways is to read a sample that has already been written by someone else and see how they are going about doing this.When it comes to an expository essay, there are many different kinds of things that you can write about. However, many times a writer will start off by stating what is wrong with something. Agood way to get started on an expository essay is to look through the different versions of what someone else has written and see what the differences are.The different styles of writing is what you will need to know. This includes things like introducing a topic, explaining a concept, and giving a summary of your ideas. Another trick that you can use is to try out different types of endings when it comes to your essay.One of the best types of expository essays to write is the essay that starts off with an introduction. You can also use expository essays to show a detailed argument that makes your points and provides facts that show how something is true. You should be careful when you are looking for expository essay samples online.When it comes to expository essays, the main thing that you need to remember is that you have to be able to stand up and deliver your thoughts in an eloquent manner. An expository essay is not just another one of those college papers that are supposed to be too simple. It takes skill and experience to write a good essay, and the more practice you give yourself the better you will become.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Aldous Huxley s Brave New World - 1904 Words

Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, published in 1932, is a masterpiece of science fiction. His imagined, dystopian state creatively employs facts and theories of science, as well as his very own thinly-veiled commentary on the future of society. His family background and social status, in addition to molding Huxley himself and his perspective, no doubt made impact on his writing and contributed to the scientific accuracy of his presentation. However, Huxley certainly qualifies as a social commenter and his extensive works, while sometimes biased, were always perceptive comments on the future of mankind, predictions made based on current event in his world. In other words, current affairs had undeniable impact on Huxley’s novel, and his†¦show more content†¦The Russian Revolution and challenges to the British Empire abroad raised the possibility of change on a world scale. At home, the expansion of transportation and communication, the cars, telephones, and radios made affordable through mass production, also brought revolutionary changes to daily life. With this new technology, distances grew suddenly shorter and true privacy rarer. In Brave New World, such technologies and more have been introduced to The World State, and this society brings to life these exact fears of distance between people: While people in industrialized societies welcomed these advances, they also worried about losing a familiar way of life, and perhaps even themselves. Huxley’s novel also attempts to show how science, when taken too far, can limit the flourishing of human thought: â€Å"The lower the caste,’ said Mr. Foster, ‘the shorter the oxygen.’ The first organ affected was the brain. After that the skeleton. At seventy per cent of normal oxygen you got dwarfs. At less than seventy eyeless monsters.’† (Huxley, 70). In World War I, humanity had seen the great destruction that technology such as bombs, planes, and machine guns could cause. Huxley believed that the possibility for such destruction did not only belong to weapons of war but to other scientific advancements as well, such

Friday, May 15, 2020

Synchronizing Threads and GUI in a Delphi application

Multi-threading in Delphi lets you create applications that include several simultaneous paths of execution. A normal Delphi application is single-threaded, which means all VCL objects access their properties and execute their methods within this single thread. To speed up data processing in your application, include one or more secondary threads. Processor Threads A thread is a communication channel from an application to a processor. Single-threaded programs need communication to flow in both directions (to and from the processor) as it executes; multi-threaded apps can open several different channels, thus speeding up execution. Threads GUI When several threads are running in the application, the question arises of how you can update your graphical user interface as a result of a thread execution. The answer lies in the TThread class Synchronize method. To update your applications user interface, or main thread, from a secondary thread, you need to call the Synchronize method. This technique is a thread-safe method that avoids multi-threading conflicts that can arise from accessing object properties or methods that are not thread-safe, or using resources not in the main thread of execution. Below is an example demo that uses several buttons with progress bars, each progress bar displaying the current state of the thread execution. unit MainU;interfaceusesWindows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,Dialogs, ComCtrls, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls;type//interceptor classTButton class(StdCtrls.TButton)OwnedThread: TThread;ProgressBar: TProgressBar;end;TMyThread class(TThread)privateFCounter: Integer;FCountTo: Integer;FProgressBar: TProgressBar;FOwnerButton: TButton;procedure DoProgress;procedure SetCountTo(const Value: Integer) ;procedure SetProgressBar(const Value: TProgressBar) ;procedure SetOwnerButton(const Value: TButton) ;protectedprocedure Execute; override;publicconstructor Create(CreateSuspended: Boolean) ;property CountTo: Integer read FCountTo write SetCountTo;property ProgressBar: TProgressBar read FProgressBar write SetProgressBar;property OwnerButton: TButton read FOwnerButton write SetOwnerButton;end;TMainForm class(TForm)Button1: TButton;ProgressBar1: TProgressBar;Button2: TButton;ProgressBar2: TProgressBar;Button3: TButton;ProgressBar3: TProgressBar;Button4: TButton;Progress Bar4: TProgressBar;Button5: TButton;ProgressBar5: TProgressBar;procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ;end;varMainForm: TMainForm;implementation{$R *.dfm}{ TMyThread }constructor TMyThread.Create(CreateSuspended: Boolean) ;begininherited;FCounter : 0;FCountTo : MAXINT;end;procedure TMyThread.DoProgress;varPctDone: Extended;beginPctDone : (FCounter / FCountTo) ;FProgressBar.Position : Round(FProgressBar.Step * PctDone) ;FOwnerButton.Caption : FormatFloat(0.00 %, PctDone * 100) ;end;procedure TMyThread.Execute;constInterval 1000000;beginFreeOnTerminate : True;FProgressBar.Max : FCountTo div Interval;FProgressBar.Step : FProgressBar.Max;while FCounter FCountTo dobeginif FCounter mod Interval 0 then Synchronize(DoProgress) ;Inc(FCounter) ;end;FOwnerButton.Caption : Start;FOwnerButton.OwnedThread : nil;FProgressBar.Position : FProgressBar.Max;end;procedure TMyThread.SetCountTo(const Value: Integer) ;beginFCountTo : Value;end;procedure TMyThread.SetOwnerButton(const Value: TButton) ;b eginFOwnerButton : Value;end;procedure TMyThread.SetProgressBar(const Value: TProgressBar) ;beginFProgressBar : Value;end;procedure TMainForm.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ;varaButton: TButton;aThread: TMyThread;aProgressBar: TProgressBar;beginaButton : TButton(Sender) ;if not Assigned(aButton.OwnedThread) thenbeginaThread : TMyThread.Create(True) ;aButton.OwnedThread : aThread;aProgressBar : TProgressBar(FindComponent(StringReplace(aButton.Name, Button, ProgressBar, []))) ;aThread.ProgressBar : aProgressBar;aThread.OwnerButton : aButton;aThread.Resume;aButton.Caption : Pause;endelsebeginif aButton.OwnedThread.Suspended thenaButton.OwnedThread.ResumeelseaButton.OwnedThread.Suspend;aButton.Caption : Run;end;end;end. Thanks to Jens Borrisholt for submitting this code sample.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Romance Novel Marriage Essay - 1327 Words

The Romance Novel Marriage From the moment they saw each other they knew they were the perfect pair. They knew instantly that the other was their soul mate. It was love at first sight. This knowledge is followed by amazing sex. Then the ecstatic couple gets married and lives Happily Ever After. Im talking about the modern day adult fairy tale, also known as the romance novel. Ive been reading these novels since I was in the seventh grade. My first one was titled Bitter Sweet, written by Laverle Spencer, and was found in my moms closet. From there I graduated to the more sordid novels with half-naked people on the covers. My adolescent mind was absolutely fascinated and I could not wait until I found my guy and could experience†¦show more content†¦But they do apply to a major part of the married population, so for those who scoff too quickly at my words, you may want to take a second look. I do not, in any way, want marriage to become harder to dissolve. I want legalities and governments to stay out of these affairs as much as possible. What I want is for individuals to bring their heads out of the clouds for just a moment and really ponder how happy theyll be once their spouse is out of their life. Will you be happy with that new person you have in mind, whether youve actually met them or not? What happens when the new wears off, and your new mate is not romance novel material either? More signatures and lawyers to erase that marriage too? These are the questions that Polly Shulman asks in her article titled Great Expectations. Her answer is that the basic problem comes from waiting for something better to come along, something closer to a romantic novel: The reality is that few marriages or partnerships consistently live up to this ideal. The result is a commitment limbo, in which we care deeply for our partner but keep one stealthy foot out the door of our hearts. In so doing, we subject the relationship to constant review: Would I be happier, smarter, or a better person with someone else? Its a painful modern quandary. Nothing has produced more unhappiness than the concept of the soul mate, says Atlanta psychiatrist Frank Pittman. (Shulman 570) In order for relationshipsShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice861 Words   |  4 PagesCriticism of the Romantic Novel† written by Koh Tsin Yen, Yen thoroughly explains a deeper meaning of Pride and Prejudice from both hers and Austen’s perspective of the novel. In Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice, which takes place in the 19th century, Austen portrays marriage and social class as two themes with an extreme importance. While tying together two similar points of views, Yen also incorporates Austen s themes from her novel as well. Throughout the novel several elements are incorporatedRead More Essay on Pride and Prejudice as Romantic Novel and Romantic Criticism1398 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice as Romantic Novel and Romantic Criticism       To a great extent, Jane Austen satirizes conventional romantic novels by inverting the expectations of love at first sight and the celebration of passion and physical attractiveness, and criticizing their want of sense. However, there are also elements of conventional romance in the novel, notably, in the success of Jane and Bingleys love.    The first indication of Austens inversion of accepted romantic conventionsRead MoreJane Eyre by Emily Bronte747 Words   |  3 PagesBrontà «s novel, Jane Eyre, is present in this short quote, which describes the mystery that is present within the novel. As well as its gothic sensation, romance is present as well, giving the novel its feminine characteristics. Foreshadowing is a main aspect which helps prolong the suspense in the novel. The element of foreshadowing helps the reader foresee the upcoming events in the novel. These gothic elements create a mysterious plot within the novel, which escalates during the climax. Novels in theRead MoreMadame Bovary Relationship1574 Words   |  7 PagesIn Gustav Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary, Emily and Charles’ relationship is what the reader follows throughout the entire story. The dynamic of their relationship and their individual characteristics don’t mesh well together, and end in their eventual downfall as a coup le and as characters individually. Emma and Charles each show themes of the novel through their characteristics and points of view in their relationship. Emma Bovary has unrealistic ideas about love and wants to have a luxurious lifeRead More Fleeting Satisfaction in Madame Bovary Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesFleeting Satisfaction in Madame Bovary      Ã‚   The desire to have romance, rapture, and passion can often times be fleeting and momentary where as the foundation of true love and commitment generally stands solid throughout many trials. In Madame Bovary (1857), a novel written by Gustave Flaubert, the main character of the story, Emma Bovary, finds both passion and commitment in different facets yet she chooses to yield herself to the desires of her heart and seek out passion in other menRead MoreEssay on Jane Austens Attitudes to Marriage in Persuasion1231 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austens Attitudes to Marriage in Persuasion In Persuasion, marriage is one of the major themes of the novel, and Austens attitudes towards marriage are present in chapter four of the novel. The first episode in which we can examine Austens attitudes to marriage is in chapter four. In chapter four we must notice that there is no direct speech, which shows that all of the narration is Austen, with her views and opinions being presented to us. When talking of Mr. Wentworth, AustenRead MoreThe Film Industry Is Driven To Find Simple But Effective1321 Words   |  6 Pagesromantic roles and convince both men and women that a female is destined for marriage. This prevailing idea of traditional women designed for marriage is exemplified in Harlequin novels that are notorious for their book covers and cliched storyline: Strong, muscular man meets beautiful, submissive woman and they overcome obstacles and fall in love. Similar to the King and I (1956) and Anna and the King (1999), these novels rely on the coupling of its male and female characters to obtain positive feedbackRead MoreEmma s View Of Love1219 Words   |  5 Pageswill always be dissatisfied. She destroyed her own marriage before it even started because of her preconceived idea of love. Charles is absolutely in love with Emma and would do anything for her but she does not feel the same way about him due to her fairytale idea of love. It seems as if she is not capable of separating he r real life romances from the romance novels that she read when during her time at the convent. In Gustave Flaubert’s novel, Madame Bovary, Emma Bovary is unknowingly a slaveRead MoreIn What Ways Does Rebecca Demonstrate and Subvert the Conventions of the Romantic Genre?†1141 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrate and subvert the conventions of the romantic genre?† In Rebecca du Maurier appears to conform to the conventions of the romantic genre however, du Maurier has also subverted the genre of romance through her representation of the relationship between the narrator and Maxim and the structure of the novel. She has also incorporated of elements of the gothic genre and the psychological thriller. On the surface Rebecca appears to demonstrate the conventions of the romantic genre. The storylineRead MoreThe Power of Sympathy990 Words   |  4 PagesThis is so women wont fall for seduction or be the seducer themselves. Education is used throughout the narrative. Women need an education, and by being virtuous and religious these are the main foundations of a proper education. This novel wants to educate women on seduction and how easily seduced, without question, women are about their lovers. When women receive an education it is teaching them to be self sufficient and rational. By being self sufficient women wont follow other

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Emergency Preparedness Disaster Management Cycle

Question: Discuss about the Emergency Preparedness for Disaster Management Cycle. Answer: Disaster Management Cycle Dangertown experiences the preparedness stage in the disaster management cycle. Dangertown has experienced severe rain due to which the banks have burst. Housing developments on the flood plains have worsened the effects of flooding. Moreover, previous floods in the current year contaminated the towns water. The town is prone to floods due to which there is a need to achieve a satisfactory level of preparedness or readiness to respond to emergency situations (Whybark, 2015). Figure 1: Disaster Management Cycle Source: (Whybark, 2015) Identification of Hazards From the given scenario, it is analyzed that Dangertown faces several risks as the town has extensive refinery production capacity. Injury or illness - With the exposure of Hydrogen Sulfide in the air, the people in the town shall be exposed to toxic gases that could lead to life-threatening situations if not handled effectively (Lim et al., 2016). Fatality - Much of the industrial installation in the Dangertown Refinery is old and there have been a number of accidents and deaths in the previous years. Critical Facilities- The toxic emissions of the gas would also lead to closure of schools and offices as the people in the community would complain of nausea and headaches (Smith 2013). Lifeline- Hydrogen sulfide gas may mix in the flood water thereby contaminating it for few weeks. Property damage- The property such as homes and corporate buildings can be damaged due to floods (Smith 2013). Environmental impact- The gas is highly flammable and produces toxic gases when burnt causing severe environmental damage (Smith 2013). Hazard and Risk Analysis Hazard Impacts Likelihood Consequence Severity Total Health Business Fatality Due to Hydrogen Sulfide gas explosion in the oil and gas refinery, the deaths have been caused people previously. The gas is highly flammable and with increased or uncontrolled concentration of H2S in the air, it can lead to further deaths. The effects depend on the level and time of exposure to the gas. Increased concentrations lead to death. The flood also has a chance of creating a mudslide as the mountains lie at the western edge of the down that can tragically cause deaths (Osha.gov, 2016). 5 2 - 10 Injury or Illness In the previous times, the leak of gas has affected the community. The industrial installation in Dangertown Refinery is old and is prone to accidents. The illness depends on the level of concentration of the toxic gas and there are possible impacts such as nausea, conjunctivitis, loss of smell, paralysis, knockdown or airway problems (Osha.gov, 2016). Floods can cause water-borne as well as vector-borne diseases such as typhoid, malaria, yellow fever and various others (Who.int, 2016). 6 3 - 18 Critical Facilities Critical facilities such as schools would be affected as the air quality is hampered. The children would get nausea and headache as the air would be unfit to breathe. The gas is colorless and odorless due to which the gas cannot be detected easily. The presence of the gas can be felt with the deteriorating health (Miller, 2015). 4 - 2 8 Lifelines The chemical property of hydrogen sulfide allows the gas to dissolve in water. As the gas can dissolve in water, it has a risk of mixing in the water pipelines or water supply from which the town receives water. The town is prone to floods which too causes hindrance in the water and power supply. The power can be interrupted for a few days while water supply can be interrupted for a few weeks (Velasco, Cabello, Russo, 2015). 4 - 3 12 Property Damage Floods cause damage to property in the form of damage to homes and businesses. In the given case scenario, Dangertown has ongoing housing developments on the flood plains thereby worsening the effects of flooding. Floods affect the existing paved streets, roads, buildings, vehicles and land. The primary and secondary effects may result in damage to bridges, canals, sewerage systems, roadways, and transport infrastructure. The town would suffer from land infertility as a major issue due to erosion of top soil (Penning-Rowsell et al., 2012). 4 - 1 4 Environmental Impact Floods impact the natural environment negatively as it causes loss of biodiversity and wildlife in the flooded region. The habitat potential and food present in the ecosystem is damaged. Riverbank erosion shall cause degradation of sedimentation. The local infrastructure is also affected thereby hampering the landscape. The emission of hydrogen sulfide also leads to delirious effects on plant survival and growth (Lisjak et al., 2016). 5 - 3 15 Economic and Social Impact Flooding of areas leads to several socio-economic negative impacts. Floods lead to damage of human life, livestock, crop destruction, deterioration of health condition and various others. The commutation to places within the town becomes difficult as there are hindrances in vehicles. The costs of removal of property and increased vulnerability would increase living cost. The people might have to relocate thereby suffering mass migration. The flood victims would also be psychologically affected as it can deeply affect their children and family. The economic losses can traumatize and cause stress (Rojas, Feyen, Watkiss, 2013). 4 - 2 8 Risk Profile Frequency 6 Injury or Illness 5 Fatality Environ-mental Impact 4 Property Damage Critical Facilities Economic and Social Impact Lifelines 3 2 1 Consequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Risk Reduction Measures As discussed in the previous sections, floods can cause severe financial and economic losses. The above risk profile indicates that the people of Dangertown must be prepared for any emergency. Instead of putting emphasis on designing safety into the system from the beginning, the major emphasis instead is placed on recovery from adverse events or investigating them after they occur. Six steps can be followed to reduce risk for people in Dangertown (Ericson, 2015). Firstly, there is a need to understand the risk. The people must be educated about the types of risk. Secondly, a scheme must be planned to manage the identified risk and hazard. Next, the property in the risky areas must be surveyed. Fourthly, design and specification must be compiled for risk management (Chen Wu, 2015). However, a few risk reduction measures can be adopted by the oil and gas refineries to prevent spills: A systems approach can be followed for improving or enhancing the learning process in the industry. The industries can conduct a hazard analysis called HAZOP (Ericson, 2015). The technological and operational design must be improved for maintenance and performance audits. The maintenance and safety equipment must be standardized. The company safety management system must be enhanced. In this given scenario, the factory had a faulty valve that led to toxic gas leakage. The factories must conduct an overall assessment and audit of physical structures. The entire factory must be repaired and no faulty valves must be present. The safety engineers must be integrated into operational decision making. The industry must conduct strong safety programs and engineers must advise the management for both short-term and long-term engineering designs. New safety implications of decisions on operations must be made. The organizational culture of the organizations must be enhanced. The management com mitment to safety must be legitimately followed (Ericson, 2015). Flood prevention is necessary as it causes severe damage. For reducing risk of floods, warnings and watch notice must be provided so that the people get sufficient time to evacuate the regions. The management must not wait for the catastrophic event to happen. The weather conditions must be regularly checked at locations of high-risk. The weather reports must be monitored and broadcasted in the local news media (Ericson, 2015). The communities must also educate the people on the methods and commutation to evacuate the place. Strategic designation of such flood ways, with policies that compensate people who live within them, can be critical to reducing the damage of massive floods. A big piece of this measure includes the protection, restoration and reconnection of floodplains, which is some of the richest habitat in the world. This obviously has the additional benefit of letting floodplains do what they do best: take in water when the river is high (Chen et al., 2012). Requirement for Emergency Plan According to the risks identified in the risk profile form, there is a need to create a plan for managing hazards as the risks involved in the scenario can cause disruption in human, economic and environmental forces. There is a need to reduce the intensity of the risk through community awareness and protection of vulnerable structures. The emergency plan for risk management can help in guiding people during an emergency. The planning process shall help in managing resources such as food supplies, equipment and training personnel. The emergency plan shall help in preventing fatalities and injuries, protecting the environment, accelerating resumption of normal operations and reducing damage to properties. The planning process involves a health and safety committee that shall help in efficient communication, periodic drills and ensure adequate performance (Kim, 2014). References Chen, J., Guo, S., Li, Y., Liu, P., Zhou, Y. (2012). Joint Operation and Dynamic Control of Flood Limiting Water Levels for Cascade Reservoirs.Water Resour Manage,27(3), 749-763. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0213-z Chen, S. Wu, C. (2015). Annual landslide risk and effectiveness of risk reduction measures in Shihmen watershed, Taiwan.Landslides,13(3), 551-563. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0588-z Ericson, C. (2015).Hazard analysis techniques for system safety. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience. Kim, H. (2014). Learning from UK disaster exercises: policy implications for effective emergency preparedness.Disasters,38(4), 846-857. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12084 Lim, E., Mbowe, O., Lee, A., Davis, J. (2016). Effect of environmental exposure to hydrogen sulfide on central nervous system and respiratory function: a systematic review of human studies.International Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Health,22(1), 80-90. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10773525.2016.1145881 Lisjak et al.,. (2016).Hydrogen sulfide: environmental factor or signalling molecule? - PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 29 May 2016, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23347018 Miller, E. (2015).The trouble with Casey - Boulder Weekly.Boulder Weekly. Retrieved 29 May 2016, from https://www.boulderweekly.com/news/the-trouble-with-casey/ Osha.gov,. (2016).Safety and Health Topics | Hydrogen Sulfide - Hazards.Osha.gov. Retrieved 29 May 2016, from https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hydrogensulfide/hazards.html Penning-Rowsell, E., Yanyan, W., Watkinson, A., Jiang, J., Thorne, C. (2012). Socioeconomic scenarios and flood damage assessment methodologies for the Taihu Basin, China.Journal Of Flood Risk Management,6(1), 23-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318x.2012.01168.x Rojas, R., Feyen, L., Watkiss, P. (2013). Climate change and river floods in the European Union: Socio-economic consequences and the costs and benefits of adaptation.Global Environmental Change,23(6), 1737-1751. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.08.006 Smith, K. (2013).Environmental hazards. London: Routledge. Velasco, M., Cabello, ., Russo, B. (2015). Flood damage assessment in urban areas. Application to the Raval district of Barcelona using synthetic depth damage curves.Urban Water Journal,13(4), 426-440. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2014.994005 Who.int,. (2016).WHO | Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet.Who.int. Retrieved 29 May 2016, from https://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/ems/flood_cds/en/ Whybark, D. (2015). Co-creation of improved quality in disaster response and recovery.Int J Qual Innov,1(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40887-015-0001-y