American Connector Company Analysis Essay

Quality and efficiency is the key to American Connector Company (ACC) success. ACC has lost market share to DJC over the recent years, which will be exacerbated if DJC opens a production facility in the United States. DJC has gained much knowledge from its Kawasaki plant and is going to enter the US market with factories that will be efficient. ACC is in trouble and needs to drastically change the way they do business if they want to survive. Looking and emulating DJC is the first step American Connector needs to follow. American Connector can regain market share and survive by focusing on quality and efficiency. ACC needs to do the following to ensure success before DJC enters the US market:1)Redesigning their factory layout for a more streamlined operation. 2)Purchase new equipment that is in better shape and more efficient. Institute a good maintenance program to ensure the equipment runs properly. 3)Work with the consumer to create a good simplistic design. 4)Continue to keep employees happy to make sure they remain at the company and ACC retains this intellectual property. 5)Implement a Quality Control Division. ACC cannot rely on identifying defective parts only after production. They need to implement quality control throughout the process, which will reduce costs and increase efficiency and profitability. Industry Background Japan and the United States have had a different mentality and work ethic over the past centuries but it has become especially apparent over the last 30 years. The United States relies on money, technological sophistication and reputation/name recognition. Japan has been able to get ahead with hard work, innovations, and technological advances. To the dislike of many American companies, Japan has taken technologies created by US companies and reverse engineered and improved on them until they were the dominant company in the industry. A good example is shown with the DJC  Corporation in Japan. They took ideas, concepts and technology from American companies and made them even more efficient and successful. The electrical connector industry is large. These connectors do everything from attach wires to wires, wires to outlets, attach wires, components or chips to PC boards, or attach PC boards to other boards. These connectors have two main parts: a plastic housing and metal socket pins or terminals. The applications range from military and aerospace to computers to telecommunications to automobiles. There are thousands of standard connector product lines. The pricing of the connector depends on its level of technology and industry use. In the 1970’s there was a large boom in the United States and companies took advantage of it. Demand slowed in the 1980’s leading to many suppliers for a reduced need leading to consumers being able to demand their prices. The miniaturization of circuitry and technological advances led to the need for new connectors and manufacturing techniques. The demands of the consumer were highly specific. This allowed other competitors to enter the US market. Lessons LearnedA. DJC at the Kawasaki Plant1) Efficiency – DJC continued to review and adjust their production facilities to find the most efficient way to operate. This focus on efficiency has created a cost efficient way of producing wire connectors that cannot be rivaled. It will take other companies years to match the efficiency of the Japanese production facilities. The Just-In-Time delivery of resources and demand on their raw material suppliers to have almost daily deliveries of supplies, DJC reduced the need for large warehouses saving money. The use of tape rolls of connectors was a design that the consumer liked and found easy for use at their production facilities. The design of their product packaging led to a more efficient way to palletize and containerize their products for shipment to distributors. While DJC maintains about two months of finished goods, the design of the packaging reduces the room it requires in the warehouse. 2) Quality – Japan’s streamlined operations has allowed it to add quality assurance to their production process. Through this high quality and lack of flawed parts they have gained a good reputation, which was something that was normally reserved for American companies. The continuous inspections, replacement or worn parts and the high level of maintenance of the equipment allowed the factory to run smoothly. The focus on fixing problems before they happened has led to fewer problems encountered on the production line. 3) Links to Customers – DJC maintained a close link with its customer and took the customer input to adjust the connectors to meet customer needs. This allowed DJC to be proactive and stay ahead of changing trends within the computer industry. The simplified designs they created required fewer raw materials increasing efficiency and reducing costs. 4) Trade Secrets – DJC reverse engineered many of its early connectors from designs from other companies. This sped up the design process and allowed them to quickly enter the market. They did not want the same thing to happen to them so they had contracts written up with suppliers and created an internal design division that did their work in house. This allowed DJC to keep their innovative ideas to themselves, maintaining their advantage over the competition. 5) Plant Layout – DJC focused on the best way to produce connectors. Their plant layout and simplified design process allowed for an efficient operation, utilizing the factory space to its fullest. The process was set up in the most logical and efficient manner allowing for an increase in quality and reduction in personnel. The new Japanese plants were highly automated but DJC focused on â€Å"pre-automation† to ensure the plant runs smoothly. All people that work within the factory understand their role and are properly trained, materials are centrally located, quality and goals were clearly laid out and continuous improvements are sought. The limited number of products that DJC produces for their consumer allows them to schedule long production runs. 6) Goal Setting – The management was involved in all aspects of decision-making. They understood the importance of the having an overall goal that is understood by all divisions. They created the overall goal and allowed the managers of the different divisions to create their own goals that conformed to the focus of the company. Employees on the line knew the goal of the company and what management expected and solved many of the problems at the lowest level. B. American Connector at Sunnydale1) Operating Problems – The American Connector facilities especially in California are experiencing increases in costs and deterioration in quality. The performance in the plant is leading to the consumer losing confidence in ACC. This will lead the consumer to other options like DJC with a better reputation. 2) Investments – Complacency allowed ACC to believe there was no foreign competition in the US. They did not invest time or money into upgrading their facilities, quality, or capacity. The equipment within the facility is becoming outdated and is not being replaced. 3) Efficiency – The production facility is not run efficiently. There five production areas in the plant. Different areas run at different speeds leaving stockpiles of parts. This leads to inefficiency and an increase in facility space required to hold all of the parts awaiting further assembly. The facility is not fully automated which leads to slower assembly on small runs, which are assembled by hand. The packaging of the connectors is inefficient with the wide range of package designs awkward for storage and shipment. The awkward packaging does not lend itself to proper palletization or containerization taking up extra room in the warehouse. It is hard to adjust production lines with the forecast being done three months in advance. With a difficulty among customers of predicting the success of their products, it is hard for ACC to get ahead or adjust quickly to changing demands. If a different producer is more adaptive they will  steal the sales. 4) Quality – ACC quality has slipped at the Sunnyvale plant. There is a high rate of defective parts. While most of the defective parts do not make it to the customer, the waste of time and supplies costs ACC money. RecommendationsAmerican Connector Company has two options: 1) stay with the status quo; or 2) learn from the success of DJC and change their approach to head off DJC’s competition in the US market. Really there is only one option for American Connector. Whether ACC believes it or not DJC will enter the US market. They need to change their mindset and do what is best for the company. With the way the US connector market has played out, it is open for international companies to enter the market. ACC must change their mindset and stop being complacent. The lack of rivalry did has not spurred ACC to be innovative and create new ideas but allowed them to stay with the status quo missing the surge from their competitors. Complacency has led to outdated equipment and an inefficient plant operation. By taking the lessons that DJC learned at their Kawasaki plant, ACC can increase efficiency. If ACC streamlines their plant operations, buys new equipment, works with their customers to create a simpler product design, and makes more transportation friendly packaging they can have a more efficient operation. ACC has a couple of advantages over DJC that they need to cash in on. First, they are already in the US market. ACC is already established in America and can avoid many of the barriers to entry i.e. tariffs, taxes and initial financial layout that international companies will experience. ACC needs to build on their good reputation with their US customers. DJC is not keeping their employees longer than an average of 9 years. While they have a good salary for the entry-level employees, their advantage is reduced as employees advance within the company. They do rotate employees to different jobs yearly giving them good experience in different areas but cannot keep them until retirement. If ACC takes care of their employees and  gives them a competitive wage, good benefits and advancement opportunities they should have an advantage over DJC with more efficient workers. References: http://net.mba.wfu.edu/Shafer/FulltimeOpsStrategy/acc%20handouts.ppt

Play a View from the Bridge Essay

This play a View from the Bridge raises many complex issues. Like the fact, that Beatrice’s cousins maybe found out by the immigration services and the fact that Eddie is overprotective over Catharine but Beatrice wants her to grow up. In addition, the way Eddie objects to Rodolpho’s appearance and manner. The biggest problem Beatrice has is that there seems to be no romance in there sex life no more. She feels that there is no sex life.  It becomes clear from the very beginning that Eddie has worries about his wife’s visitors from Italy. He fears that Catharine maybe putting her self out too much for her guests which maybe be a little true. The reader can tell he has these concerns when eddies says â€Å"Beatrice, all I’m worried about is you got such a heart that I’ll end up on the floor with you and they’ll be in our bed† Act One Pg 8  This statement shows that he is not just worried about his own well being he also worried that his wife maybe to kind to notice when people are taken advantage of her.  Beside that, he is worried about his reputation in his local community. He wishes to be seen as a local hero around his community, but I think as soon as he realized that his new guests maybe a threat to reputation for two reasons. The first being that Rudolph is courting Catharine and Eddie feels that inappropriate because in courting Catharine, Rudolph is drawing the wrong kind of attention to himself. This worries Eddie that the immigration may find them out and arrest him. Therefore loosing his reputation as the rock in the community. The other worry on eddies mind is that Catharine is growing up to fast and is very overprotective over her. In everything, she does, he is always protesting and making things difficult an example of this is when he asked her why she was all dressed up and where she is going. In addition, he shows his overprotective nature when Rodolpho decides that he has sexual feelings towards Catharine. He was doing everything in his power to prevent there wedding or there progression of there relationship. He made arguments. For example in act one tried to teach Rodolpho how to box just to pick a fight with him. He even went to extremes and kissed him to prove that Rodolpho was gay. As if that was not enough he also kissed Catharine, which showed his love and caring nature towards her, but it may also show that he may have more sexual feelings than a parental love for her.  Eddie is a very old-fashioned man he believes that men should dress and act in a certain manner. To Eddie Rodolpho does not act in that manner. Eddie has his own theory that Rudolph is a homosexual. Tries to prove his theory many times. Every time failing to prove his point. Much to his embarrassment in the end, it provoked him to try to stab Rudolph and Marco. The biggest problem is that the romance between Beatrice and Eddie do not have that much romance in there life. In the beginning of the play there is barley any romance between the two by the end the pair have no love for each other at all. The main wedge between them is Catharine. She has become a wedge between them because Eddie through out the play developing feelings for Catharine romantic and otherwise. Making Eddie grow ever more distant from Beatrice. This probably made Beatrice feel unwanted and a little bit jealous. She had hostile feeling toward Eddie when the hostile feeling should be towards Catharine. The only thing she had to say to Catharine is that she has to grow up. Whereas when she confronted Eddie about it, he just shrugged it off with â€Å"it’s complicated†. This statement may have made Beatrice feel alone and unwanted.  In conclusion Eddie drove him self to a state of madness and drove his family to a point of hatred. He has forced his family to despise him. To the point of wanting to cause him, harm. Even though the main two women in his life still love, him they may feel over protected and to controlled.

Ethics Games Dilemmas Essay

The Baird Method based on the four ethical lenses and the four plus one decision-making method. In taking previous classes it was determine that no one lens fits the values of student Nayeli Trejos. The professor shocked with the results, and no student prior to Nayeli received that score in the lens test. This has to do with the fact that a person is not a particular lens all the time but shifts into a lens, depending on the situation. Two dilemmas were presented to the student after coaching in each lens the best decision based on the lens was chosen. The student had the opportunity to make the decision based on core values of the individual. Ethical Issues of Simulation and Decision making steps The first ethical issue presented in the simulation was a concern of an employee with a possible sexual harassment case. This employee had voiced concern about feeling uncomfortable in certain situations. The director of sales made aware by a third party regarding the situation of the employee receiving extra attention. The director received an e-mail from the employee stating the employee wanted to meet but for the director to keep everything confidential. The director of sales used the four plus one step decision-making plan known as the Baird method. The steps are be attentive, be intelligent, be reasonable, be responsible and be reflective (â€Å"Ethicsgame†, 2012). The best decision was based on the rights/responsibility lens and the results lens. The ethical issue presented in the second situation discusses tampering with research data results. The marketing director received a request to review the data to be submitted by the division medical director for publication. After reviewing the report the marketing director noticed inconsistencies form the first report drafted. The medical director removed data that was not favorable for the research and replaced with favorable data. The four plus one decision method was to address ethical issues. The marketing director chose the best option based on the results and reputation lens. Ethical Lenses used and  Lens Influence on Decision There are four ethical lenses that influenced the decision of the simulated ethical issues. The simulation offered the perspectives of the lenses to make the best decision based on the lens tools. The lenses are rights/responsibility lens, results lens, relationship lens, and reputation lens (â€Å"Ethicsgame†, 2012). Each dilemma presented offered two lenses to make a decision based on the tools of each lens. The simulation gave the best answer based on the lens and after the reader had the choice based on the individuals core values. After identifying the best choice for all lenses the students choice was rated for risk. Concepts Relating to the Workplace A lifeguard on duty needs to be easily identifiable for that reason employers require uniforms. Lifeguards uniform includes a bathing suit or trunk at all times while on duty. Females have an option of wearing trunks and a shirt over the bathing suit. Males have the option of wearing a shirt. The facility sees approximately 1,200 patrons a day. The probability of sexual harassment in this environment is higher. There are employees under age working alongside employees who are much older. Some females expressed feeling uncomfortable in certain situations. These concerns were addressed immediately to protect the employee as well as the organization. It is a requirement for employees to attend regular training and meeting to discuss policies and procedures. In these meetings a manual is issued to employees stating policies, procedure, and legal rights. The protocols were outline for the individuals in case of any situation. In addition to employee trainings supervisors are sent to an additional management meeting. This meeting addressed how to follow proper protocol to protect the individual filling the report as well as the organization. Conclusion Knowledge is power and educating employees will reduce risk of ethical issues. In these simulations different ethical issues were addressed. The opportunity to view two different perspectives before making a decision is beneficial. This allows the decision maker to reduce risk and keep the best interest of all parties involved. Know that the decision maker will not only stay in one lens but also will mold, depending on the situation at hand. References EthicsGame (2012). Retrieved from http://ethicsgame.com/Exec/CorpGame/BairdDecisionModel.aspx

State of Israel and the future threats. I argue that the biggest Essay

State of Israel and the future threats. I argue that the biggest threat could be marks of the Israeli state in the future will be an internal threat more than any external enemy - Essay Example Finally conclusions were arrived at based on the findings of the work. This work is based on secondary sources for retrieving relevant information pertaining to the topic. In this regard, reliable sources such as academic books, authentic websites, journals, and government documents were scrutinised. This work proves that Israel has been threatened to a major extent by the internal problems discussed, rather than any external threats. This region comprised of Israel was under British rule from 1917 to 1948, and during this period the Arab religious groups underwent several crucial socio – economic changes. Such change was not uniform across the various religious groups and displayed considerable diversity. The Christian Arabs experienced this change, much more swiftly than the Druze and the Muslims. The fertility rate declined among these groups, with the exception of the Muslim Arabs. 1 From the economic perspective, Israel had been envisaging a number of difficulties. This nation had not achieved a transformation into a competitive market system from a socialist state, as at the end of the 20th century. The military was obliged to address new dangers from inimical Islamic nations, such as Iraq and Iran, which boasted of long range missiles in their arsenal. Furthermore, the military had to address the challenge of becoming a more technical and less manpower intensive force. 2 However, significant change was in the offing for Israel, during the commencement of the 21st century. Internally, the denizens of this nation had been struggling with traditional and contemporary issues. Some of these issues were those of religion and state and their relationship to Jewish identity. Another issue pertained to the endeavours to mitigate religious influence upon personal matters, such as marriage and divorce. 3 The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel was made at Tel Aviv, on 14

Bbus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bbus - Essay Example Information processing theory and social identity theory are representative of â€Å"follower centric† approaches, which focuses on followers behaviors and characteristics as centrally important, success depends on the performance of these followers, and it is the followers that, ultimately, influence their leaders. The contingency theory and leader member-exchange theory fall in the middle of the two perspectives. They possess greater balance, by acknowledging the importance of strong leaders and the value of strong followers (Johnson, 2009). 2. Discuss your understanding of promoting ethics versus opposing unethical practices? There are a number of researchers in the world that firmly believe that the number of businesses that adhere to any sort of business ethics, both with the public and among their staff, is fading away (Rajeev, 2012). I believe that ethical practices in business are really a matter of common sense. Honesty, integrity, consistency, and fairness should be present in all of your dealings with customers, clients, employees, and co-workers at all times. Leaders often set the tone for the lack of ethical behaviors, however followers are equally morally responsible, because it is only with their silence, dishonesty, and deceit many members of management would not be able to get away with unethical behavior (Johnson, 2009).Many employees feel a greater obligation to their jobs and employers than to strangers and the truth. There are some things that I, personally, cannot in good conscious compromise and that is my sense of right and wrong. I will not be ethically bullied into to doing something I know is dishonest and that is going to an extreme that I am unwilling to go to. 3. What are your organizational values? Describe how these values are adhered to or not in your workplace. Include examples and analysis. Values allow for a more flexible mode for of decision making than beliefs and intuition put together (Dean, 2011). Values offer mor e freedom to deal with past issues, present issues, and the issues and concerns that rise in the future because it works under the umbrella of a goal, an ideal, something to be achieved. My personal perspective on values concern being fair, ethical, and being certain that hard work is noticed. Presently there are no current negative issues that can be spoken of in my current occupational situation, however, in the past I have witnessed and been involved in situations where the leadership was so entirely self serving that employees literally joked about being sacrificed next. This was the sort of corporate run company where the corporate representatives are seldom if never in the store seeing for themselves how the business in running and where any shortcomings may exist. The managers were quick to take the credit when the business ran smoothly and successfully, but when the situations were not positive these same managers were even quicker to blame the staff for any and everything t hat goes wrong. That is no way to run a business. These are not positive, strong leaders that encourage loyalty from their staff or for the company. I promised myself when I entered the business world I would never allow myself to be involved in a company that only acknowledges their

Managerial Economics exam paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Economics exam - Term Paper Example The salary that the owner of a business can earn and the interest that the owner can earn on the invested capital are examples of implicit costs. The following equations can be used to calculated business and economic profits. c) Since project B has a higher standard deviation of $15000 than project A, we can conclude that project B is riskier. However, project B provides a better return of $70000 as compared to the expected return of project A of $60300. Project A has lesser risk since its standard deviation is lesser than that of project B. Higher standard deviation of project B indicates that there are high chances that the return will either be higher than the expected return or lower than the expected return. If the customer is a risk-averse one, he will prefer project A since it provides a lower return but has lesser risk attached to it. A risk-taking customer would go for project B since project B provides a better return although there is higher risk attached to it. Implicit cost is the cost of the opportunity that a firm loses when it employs its resources in earning profits. The salary that one can earn by investing his time elsewhere or the interest that one can earn on the capital employed in business are some examples of implicit costs (Begg 1997). According to the Consumer Demand Theory, the quantity demanded of a product increases with a decrease in its price and quantity demanded decreases if price is increased. There is a direct relationship between demand and income. If income of consumers increases, quantity demanded also increases and if income decreases, quantity demanded also decreases. Change in tastes also influence the quantity demanded of a product (Sloman 1997). For example, if people get more inclined towards buying smartphones than other cellphones, the smartphones demand will surge due o the change in tastes and preferences of the

Fallacy arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fallacy arguments - Essay Example This was also the time when Lindsey decided to go to university. The fallacy that the speaker commits here is the oversimplified cause fallacy. First, the speaker believes that since the relationship went downhill at the same time that Lindsey went to university, then the university thing must have been the reason behind the failure of the relationship. However, these may have only been a coincidence, and that nobody could really actually say that two events happening together in close succession would be both a cause and an effect. Second, the speaker falsely labels Lindsey’s decision to go to university as something that violates the traditional female role. Perhaps, the speaker equates female tradition with submission to the male gender or prioritizing one’s boyfriend instead of going to school. Either way, the meaning of â€Å"traditional female role† is vague. The fallacy is therefore committed as the speaker labels this decision of Lindsey’s to go to university as something that violates the traditional female role, and somehow hastily ascribing to this abandonment of the traditional female role as the cause of the failure of a relationship. 2. Mayor Ford: Reporters from the Toronto Star, and Globe and Mail newspapers have claimed that I use crack cocaine, and that my brother dealt drugs in the 80’s. But those reporters are just a bunch of maggots. So, nobody should listen to those little sleaze bags. Premise 1) The reporters of certain newspapers claim that Mayor Ford uses cocaine and implicates his brother in this. 2) These reporters are a â€Å"bunch of maggots† and â€Å"little sleaze bags.† Conclusion: Nobody should listen to them, or what they are saying is not true. Fallacy: Ad hominem According to the mayor himself, the reporters of the various newspapers whom he named were accusing him of using drugs and even implicate his brother in this. However, instead of stating whether these accusations are t rue or not, or instead of giving his statement on the matter, the mayor decided to resort to committing the fallacy of ad hominem by calling these reporters a â€Å"bunch of maggots† and â€Å"little sleaze bags† – which are extremely derogatory terms. These bad names were used by the mayor in order to discredit these reporters and to somehow make the reader feel that these reporters do not deserve to be heard at all. Thus, the tendency of those who will believe the mayor’s statement will be to refuse to believe the reporters. The mayor is perhaps committing this fallacy deliberately in order to evade the true issue, or perhaps the possible truth that he really was a crackpot. 3. Keesha: I’ve just started using Weight Watcher’s weight loss program. You should really try it. Martin: Why Weight Watchers? Aren’t there lots of different weight loss programs out there? Keesha: Well maybe, but I know Weight Watchers is the best because the sales associate at Weight Watchers told me that their program is the only way to lose weight safely and effectively. Premise 1) The sales associate at Weight Watchers told Keesha that their program is the only way to lose weight safely and effectively. 2) Weight Watchers is the best. Conclusion: Keesha has started using Weight Watcher’s weight loss program. Fallacy: Inappropriate Appeal to Authority According to Keesha, the Weight Watchers weight loss prog

MOTION IN TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS PowerPoint Presentation

MOTION IN TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS - PowerPoint Presentation Example An example, the position vector of the particle gives the position of a particular time and this makes the velocity vector on the derivative of the position Positional vector also location or radius vector is the representation of a point in the relation to an origin. Positional vector in geometry is used in two or three-dimensional space but it can generalize to include space with given number of dimensions. The vector is used in different geometry to describe continuous and differentiable space curves. The vector is also used in mechanics in equation of motion (Chatterjee, 2009). The function defines the motion of a particle with its location in relation to the given coordinate system. Positional vector is a function of time and the three derivatives are computed with respect to time. The derivatives are used in kinematics, engineering, and control theory. Acceleration vector is the rate in which an object in motion changes its velocity the vector has no issue to deal with the going fast of an object in motion but it is concerned with the changing of how fast the object is moving (Davis and Porta, 1994). The consideration of acceleration vector is done in three dimensions. The acceleration vectors are even done to curved motions. The components of the vector is done to speed of traverse and also the curve in the direction of the velocity vector (Davis and Porta, 1994).Acceleration for the vector has also to do with centripetal components for the circular motions and is brought about done to the changes in direction and is always normal to the trajectory and also pointing towards the center of the curved path. The vector is so much related to specific relativity, which describes the behavior of the objects that are travelling relatively to other object and accelerations that are approaching that of light in a vacuum (Davis and Porta, 1994). Acceleration vector is used in

Elements of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of art - Essay Example I observe many things as I look at this painting. If for instance, we don’t know the date when this painting was painting, we would notice that it was made during the Renaissance or after that period due to its atmospheric perspective. After the camera was invented in 1839, artists tried to make their paintings look real and as good as they could. William painted this painting almost as perfect as a real photo. If you goggle Porto Venere, you will see some pictures of this place which looks the same as in this painting. Looking at this painting, I feel cool and relaxed since, it gives me that beautiful feeling you have when you walk on the beach and the drizzles from the waves hit you smoothly. In this painting, there is no real texture which appears as brushwork and impasto. However, bold or noticeable texture appears a little bit on the rocks. Value in this painting includes high-key and low-key. High key appears almost in the middle visible horizontal line starting from the middle of the building moving towards its right side. Low key value appears on the waves, the clouds, the rocks and the mountains. Together, the high-key and low-key values make a strong contrast as is visible At first sight of the painting. In this painting, space is obviously noticeable. The front houses overlap the other house and the big mountain behind the house overlaps the other mountain. The rocks as well overlap each other. In addition, the shading in the waves and the clouds indicate space, different sizes, and positions of the buildings, the rocks and the mountains. The perspective of this painting indicates space too as it appears as atmospheric view in this painting. In this painting, colors appear natural. Appearing in this painting, some of the natural colors is blue(on the waves) and green(on the mountain top). Some parts of the waves have a tint of blue making them look lighter than blue whereas, some parts of the waves have

Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

2 - Essay Example It is difficult to differentiate ‘fake news’ from ‘real news’ in the current society. This is especially true because reliable news comes from unreliable sources. The news from social media has negative effects for audience. Jason Zinser explores the impact of fake news to the American society. So-called fake news programs present a potential problem of deception and dilution. He cites The Daily Show as an example of a program that is likely to misguide Americans because it has no accurateness, impartiality, or journalistic honesty. Although such traits characterize it, it is still widely regarded as among the main sources of information on national events for the population. Entertainment dilutes the news, and fails to highlight its seriousness. In the end, Americans fail to get important information from the news, or derive clues on pertinent information such as terror attacks. Social media at times shape people’s perception of the outside world in a negative manner. This calls for the need of quality information for viewers because it determines their actions and interactions with other cultures that they view on television. Social media should not hold itself to similar journalistic standards that traditional news outlets hold. It is difficult to enhance integrity and responsible news coverage is a station solely focuses on improving its ratings. Jason cites the example of The Daily Show, which uses comedy in trivial news issues that require utmost seriousness. It may be difficult for viewers to differentiate between newsworthy events and pure entertainment. In a similar note, negative consequences result from particular forms of media. Sexist music videos are examples of media forms that may have a negative impact on the society, even though that may not have been the original intention of its creators. Program creators must demonstrate accountab ility

Strategic managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic managment - Essay Example In emergent strategy the organization evolves as it learns through experiences. Robin Hood’s group had advanced from the emergent strategy and in the second year his band grew. The increasing band size was of concern as the discipline became difficult to maintain and expenses did not commensurate with the loot. According to Cook and Macaulay (2007) as the team grows the focus of team effectiveness starts to dull. The new members do not share the same sense of understanding the purpose of the group and the mission, and the objectives are no longer clear and relevant. Strategic drift started occurring because Robin’s lieutenant’s resisted the idea of a transit tax on the travelers. Lorsch and Tierney (n.d.) contend that professionals develop their own perspectives irrespective of what the leaders might think. Looking through the lenses dissolves the dilemma in strategy (Scholes, 2005). The lenses are different ways of viewing the strategy development. In the Robin Hood case, the strategy has been viewed through the lens of experience. It is adaptation born through the political process. It cannot be through the lens of design as it was not planned or logical and it has not been perceived through the lens of ideas because it has not emerged from diversity or variety. It was out of a vengeance and conflict. Here the individual and collective experience is central and culture and history strongly influence the strategic thinking and choices. Strategy developed with time and there high chances of strategic drift, which has occurred in this case. Negotiation also influences the strategic direction when seen through this lens. Hence the analysis of this case shows that the experience element has determined the strategy. In times of strategic drift, organizations can either experience performance problems or opt for strategic management development programs. There is an increased commitment to strategic management and leads to

Drug and Crime Prevention Essay Example for Free

Drug and Crime Prevention Essay The purpose of the Final Project is for you to demonstrate your understanding of crime prevention programs and the role crime prevention plays in the overall criminal justice system. You may select a crime prevention program that addresses law enforcement, the courts, or corrections; or it may be a comprehensive program that addresses all three. The program may address the adult justice system, juvenile justice systems, or both. For the purposes of this assignment assume, you are preparing a proposal to a city, county, or state governmental body to recommend the implementation of a crime prevention program within their jurisdiction. You need to demonstrate the value of the crime prevention program and its effectiveness in reducing crime thus reducing the overall costs to the jurisdiction or building value that improves the effectiveness of crime prevention to the community justifying the additional expenditures. Your proposal will include: 1. A summary of the jurisdiction (i.e., city, county, or state) and the portion of the criminal justice System your proposal is designed to address. 2. An analysis of the current trends from three comparable cities in population size, utilizing the SARA Model and the Crime Analysis Triangle. (Note: Crime Analysis for Problem Solvers in 60 Small Steps , Steps 7 and 8). You will compare the data from three comparable jurisdictions and compare it to national data. 3. A determination of the appropriate crime prevention strategy for the jurisdiction based on this analysis. 4. A review of academic literature and studies on the various crime prevention programs to address the needs of the community. How does the crime prevention program address social justice issues To download this material Click this link https://bitly.com/1wyPezy There is no one to clean up after you and cook healthy meals at college. Some indulgences are okay, but still maintain a nutritious diet, get proper sleep, and take care of yourself and your possessions. Take care of yourself well, study appropriately, attend all your classes and follow a regular schedule. You can get ill from being too stressed or not eating healthy enough.

Rape In The Us Military Criminology Essay

Rape In The Us Military Criminology Essay Cases of rape and sexual assault in the ranks of our U.S. military continue to grow, and very few proactive steps seem to be taken, by higher up to bring the offenders to justice, to try and put an end to these horrific occurrences. The military institution seems unable to end this issue on its own, and seems in need of our country to step in and make sure these crimes stop, the offenders come to justice, and the victims get the help and support they need. To get to the heart of the issue is it important to know why rape is so common in the military, why these crimes often go unreported, and what steps the military and our country can take to help prevent future rapes. It is important to look into rape cases and try to determine the causes of the rape. What are the situations in which these rapes occur? In a documentary shown in class titled The Invisible War a large number of women talked about being raped while serving in the military. None of these women did anything that would suggest their interest in sexual relations, but each one of them was forced into the act. One common element that relates all these cases together is that in each situation the woman that was violated was one of the only women in her military unit. With such a high ratio of men to women the risk of sexual assault and rape greatly increases. In one case concerning the Coast Guard the unit was all men until a new female recruit was stationed there along with them. Almost immediately she had everyones attention, and it was greatly unwanted. She immediately became a victim of verbal sexual misconduct, and as a result asked to be moved to another duty station. Her authorities denied this request. As a result a few weeks later her own brothers in arms raped her. In the military camaraderie is something that is strived after, but these men displayed nothing of the sort. With such a minority of women, and in some cases one woman on her own risk of rape greatly increases. Just because there is a minority of women doesnt really explain why men would take advantage of this. One possible answer to this mystery can be answered in a study that was conducted in the Navy that revealed a history of men coming into the service having either raped or having attempted rape at twice the rate of the civilian population. (West West, 2012) This suggests that a large amount of men in the military have a history of rape that when mixed with easy targets makes the chances of rape occurring escalate. With recruits like this being allowed into our countries military, it is obvious why so many rapes happen. Physical explanations and actual cases and studies do help give an explanation of rape in the military, but there is also a sociological perspective and ethological and psychophysiological explanations. The sociological perspective of rape helps to explain why the military as an organization is a place where rape offenders thrive. There are three aspects that are used to explain this theory. The first aspect looks into the militarys organizational structure and culture. The military is a hierarchal one that was organized to produce warriors who are taught to overcome barriers and to be manly. This culture is a very masculine one. Aaron Belkin states a commander hierarchy combined with a culture that emphasizes dominance creates a recipe for rape. Women do not fit into this type of military very well, and that ones that try often find themselves the victim of a horrible crime. The second aspect, masculinity, was just viewed in combination with the first. The final aspect is the mechan ism for redress. The fact that the whole procedure for investigation is done in-house poses a serious problem. Other countries take cases of rape outside the military and hand it over to civilian police. These three aspects make up the sociological perspective of rape. To introduce ethological and psychophysiological explanation as an understanding of human actions which we saw as primarily voluntaristic, motivated strategies manifest in competing interests, arouses, not altogether surprisingly, a sense of vertigo or indeed nausea. (Littlewood, 1997) With these perspectives on rape it does help us to understand a little better why rape occurs in the military. With rape being such a serious crime, it is a strange fact that so many rapes go unreported. Answering that question will give a better understanding of how serious rape affects the victims of the crime. Often when stats are gathered about a crime, many crimes arent reported. This dark figure of crime is credited to the fear that rape puts into victims minds. A very sad example is from The Invisible War. Kori, one of the victims, was being interviewed and during the interview she finally admitted to her husband that she was only a victim of sexual assault but that she in fact had been raped, and not only was she raped, but in one of the sexual assaults she was beaten so severely that her jaw was smashed. And the discs in her neck were damaged so badly that she required surgery, which the Coast Guard did not do-even though there was physical evidence of assault. (West West, 2012) Finding something hard to tell your own husband puts in perspective how hard it would be to tell anyone e lse, especially a member of the unit in which you were raped. In the military when subordinates are targets of a higher ranks wants and desires it makes it difficult to disobey those orders, no matter how unlawful. In the Army Times news article A Secret Sex Life, army Brig. Gen. Jeffrey A. Sinclair has engaged in a deliberate, degrading course of conduct where he targets his subordinates to satisfy his abhorrent desires. (Gould, 2012) This follows up on the previous point, because the victims are for the most part helpless when the offender has power over them both physically and with rank. When the person who commits the rape is also the person who gives you your daily orders and commands it makes it very difficult to accuse that person. One reason it is so difficult is that to achieve these higher ranks an individual has to demonstrate loyal dedication to the military and they are viewed as the best examples in the ranks. So when this person is accused of a crime by an insubordinate that has been in the military for less than a year it becom es a matter of whose word has more swaying power. Rather than suffer the embarrassment of the rape, and still not find justice, victims choose the alternate route, keeping silent. In the article A Secret Sex Life an unnamed female captain said she repeatedly tried to end the relationship andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦she asked Sinclair to transfer her out of his command. (Gould, 2012) Although this didnt start out as actual rape, just fraternization, it escalated into a sexual relationship in which the female officer felt trapped and was exposed to sexual assault. The women even threatened suicide at one point to try and get her point across to the general, and to prevent having to suffer the embarrassment of everyone knowing the truth about her and the general. All these unreported cases of rape are known as the dark figure of crime. This dark figure of crime is that portion of the total crimes committed each year that never comes to light. (Hemmens Walsh, 2011) Rapes in the military are definitely underreported, an issue, which desperately needs to be addressed, and a solution needs to be made. If more rapes were reported it would give investigators a better idea of why they happen, where the majority of them take place, and how to best help eliminate future rapes from occurring. With the above information on why rapes occur and why so many go unreported what steps can the military take to prevent future rape? Being a member of the United States Marine Corps I know first hand quite a few of the steps that the Department of Defense, DoD, is taking to try and prevent future rapes. The main tactic they use is to try and educate us, the members of the military, is to show us how rape destroys both the life of the offender and the victim. They make it very clear the strict punishment that will be imposed on the offender if he or she chooses to commit this heinous crime. One problem with these educational videos is that they often come across as comical and poorly done. The lack of seriousness and maturity that many military members show during the viewing of these films really shows me how serious the issue must be. Knowing that the punishments dont usually fit the crime makes me very pessimistic while watching these films too. The truth of the matter shows that a round 87% of sexual crimes remain a secret and do not ever attract the attention that they need to go to trial. The DoD does have aims to better protect the rights of rape defendants. We see this with the Pentagonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦finalizing changes to the militarys rape law that experts say will shore up the rights of troops accused of sexual assault. (Tilghman, 2012) So instead of trying to protect the victims the DoD is taking the opposite approach in trying to protect the offenders who are on the defensive. One good change that the DoD is going to take is that they will allow civilian agencies access to victims and offenders records, and military personnel wont only use them. This will at least allow the victims the use of their own attorneys. The military does use the Uniformed Victim Advocate, UVA. The UVA is a member of the chain of command whose main role is to help victims of a military crime. This is a method that helps the victim deal with his or her issues, and know how best to address the crime committed, but it doesnt help prevent the actual crime from happening. In order to put an end to rape happening in the military the chain of command needs to make it clear that there is a zero tolerance policy when rape is committed, and they need to stand behind this rule. One of the main steps that the military needs to take in order to help prevent rape is to have a better screening process for those interested in joining. As we saw before with the Navy recruits being allowed to join, this cannot be allowed. The last and most important step that the military needs to take is to address the sociological perspective of rape and the three aspects that go along with it. They need to either ban women from the military altogether, a path that I feel would be the most appropriate, or they can take measures to give the females in the military more protection. I feel women in the military will always be vulnerable to attacks, and even though all rapes dont involve women a majority of them do. Rape, in the military, needs to stop. The DoD needs to put its fist down and make punishment for offenders and the protection of victims of the utmost importance. It affects too many people, and if it isnt tolerated in the civilian world then the same should hold true for the military lifestyle as well. Rape is too common in the military, too often it goes unreported, and more safety nets and precautions need to be put in place if women are to be a productive part of our military. Following simple guidelines for insuring these issues being resolved would go a long way for our country and would help produce a positive view on the U.S. military.

Sensation Seeking And N100 Psychology Essay

Sensation Seeking And N100 Psychology Essay This research seeks to examine the relationship between event-related potentials, specifically the N100 component, and the personality construct of sensation seeking. Nine students enrolled in a university level introductory psychology course received credit for participating in this study. With the use of an electroencephalogram, voltage information in the brain was recorded while the participant listened to auditory stimuli including a target, standard, and random tone. After separating participants based on high and low sensation seeking scores and comparing that with an event-related potential developed from the EEG information it was shown that those high in sensation seeking had higher amplitude and a longer latency at N100 than low sensation seekers. This shows that one of the components of sensation seeking, boredom susceptibility, may have had an effect due to the repetitive presentation of stimuli which resulted in lower amplitude at the N100. Sensation seeking and N100 This study seeks to examine the relationship between levels of sensation seeking and event-related potentials (ERP), specifically the N100 component. Using ERPs to compare with personality constructs is effective because the stimulus can be time-locked to the brain activity that is being recorded and analyzed to see how the person is reacting whether on a conscious or unconscious level. Sensation seeking, as described by Marvin Zuckerman (2007), is a trait defined by the seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal, and financial risks for the sake of such experience. Sensation seekers are attracted to high risk sports such as sky diving and mountain climbing, they experiment with a variety of drugs, and are sexually promiscuous in that they have a varied range of sexual partners. High sensation seekers will assess situations as low risk vs. low that will see a higher risk; even still highs will anticipate more positive arousal whereas lows anticipate fear and anxiety. Sensation seeking correlates with dominance and adventurousness, but not with neuroticism or anxiety. High sensation seekers tend to be associated with non-conformist groups and are attracted to abstract stimuli. There are four dimensions of sensation seeking that are used in Zuckermans sensation seeking scale that help determine if a person is a high or low sensation seeker. The first component is thrill and adventure seeking (TAS). If someone is high in TAS they will exert a need to be involved in activities that give them unusual sensations and experiences such as moderately risky sports. This is where activities like mountain climbing and sky diving come into play. The second aspect is experience seeking (ES) which describes the attraction to non-conformist groups. A person scoring high in experience seeking will seek out sensations and new experiences through the mind and the senses and through a nonconforming lifestyle. Activities include things like enjoying abstract art and traveling to new and different places. Disinhibition (DIS) reflects the involvement in wild parties, susceptibility to drugs, and promiscuity. Disinhibition alone can be normal, but when paired with aggression it can be a sign of psychopathy. The last subscale is boredom susceptibility (BS) defines the aversion sensation seekers have to monotonous tasks and people they find to be boring. For example, Zuckermans stimulus deprivation task found that high sensations seekers, when in a room for any length of time with no visual or auditory stimuli got restless and bored (Zuckerman, 2007). Zuckermans theory for the biological basis of sensation seeking started with his monoamine oxidase (MAO) theory. He hypothesized that high sensation seekers have low MAO compared with low sensation seekers having high levels of MAO. Monoamine oxidase is a neurotransmitter regulator. MAO regulates the level of monoamines which include norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. High levels of MAO result in reduced sensitivity to a stimulus and conversely low levels increase sensitivity. This is because if there are high levels of MAO there are lower levels of monoamines and vice versa. In summary, high sensation seekers have low levels of MAO which result in an increase of sensitivity to stimulus. The negative correlation between MAO levels and sensation seeking is also indicative of a relationship between sensation seeking and the levels of catecholamine. High levels of MAO are found in the limbic system. The limbic system is involved in pleasure and sensitivity to reward. Zuckerman wor ked under the assumption that this sensitivity in high sensation seekers produces alertness and interest in novel stimuli associated with strong orienting responses. He then merged his theory of MAO with another theory that connects the limbic system activity with levels of catecholamine and sensation seeking. It explains that dopamine controls the readiness to explore and approach novel stimuli in the environment and norepinephrine regulates the sensitivity to, or expectation of positive reinforcement (i.e.) norepinephrine and dopamine together are two components of the reward system. The nucleus accumbens (NA) is part of the limbic (reward) system and hypothesized to be the major center for sensation seeking. This may be because there are higher levels of dopamine found in the NA. Therefore, this theory relates the attributes of sensations seeking to low levels of MAO, resulting in high levels of catecholamine (dopamine and norepinephrine) in the limbic system (reward center), whi ch ultimately increases readiness to explore and approach novel stimuli in the environment and sensitivity to stimulus and positive reinforcement (Zuckerman, 1983). An event-related potential (ERP) is a wave form developed by averaging epochs from data collected using an electroencephalogram (EEG) that is a time-locked representation of the voltage activity in the brain reacting to the stimulus presented (Rugg Coles, 1995). ERPs allow analysis of stimulus on a neurological level. Like this study, it can be used with personality constructs or psychological disorders to study their effects on the reaction to stimulus in the environment. The amplitude of different components in the waveform are indicative of the strength of the reaction and the latency represents the time it takes for the reaction to occur. The EEG itself is useful, but almost impossible to use its data because its such a general collection of information. ERPs act as a funnel for important information that fine tunes the data collected with the EEG that result in data that can pin point neurological reaction whether conscious or unconscious. This is another reason ERPs are useful , they allow researchers to collect data that the participant may not even be aware of (Rugg Coles, 1995). N100 (N1) is a negative spike at approximately 100 ms after a stimulus has been presented. N1 amplitude seems to be associated with detection of a stimulus. The onset and offset of a stimulus will elicit a N1 where as the repetition of a stimulus will show a reduction in N1 amplitude. N1 does not explain any content information about the stimulus presented, it will only express when a stimulus is in the environment. Within the confines of this study using the oddball paradigm with auditory stimuli, the N1 could have been increased in amplitude by creating a larger time gap between the presentations of stimulus. Since the N1 is elicited at the onset of stimulus, by increasing the time between auditory tones the recognition of a new stimulus is larger. Another way to manipulate the amplitude of the N1 is to repeat the stimulus in random time intervals for silence length (Atienza et al., 2001). N1 amplitude can also be increased by increasing the intensity or frequency of the continuous stimuli (Naatanen, 1990). Sensation seekers have a stronger curiosity or willingness to investigate novel stimuli which means they will have stronger orienting response (OR). Orienting response occurs when presented with a moderately intense or novel stimulus. Although this study is focusing on standard stimuli it can still be considered novel. Novel, in this regard, does not mean the complexity of the stimuli; it means novel to the participants environment. Sensation seeking has been positively correlated with orienting response to a novel stimulus. According to Naatanen (1990), N1 has high amplitude at the onset and offset of stimulus. It seems to represent the participants initial response to the onset of auditory stimulus which can also described as an orienting response. Research conducted by Atienza et al. (2001), found that components of the N1 were involved in the initiation of an orienting response. Operating on the assumption that N1 is indicative of an orienting response and that high sensation see kers have stronger OR it is hypothesized that those high in sensation seeking will have a shorter latency and higher amplitude at N1 than low sensation seekers. Method Participants Nine undergraduate university students were given course credit to be involved in the study. The male and female participants were recruited from introductory psychology courses. They were required to complete five personality questionnaires. The Eysenck personality questionnaire-revised, agency and affiliation questionnaire, BISBAS, ten item personality inventory, and the sensation seeking scale were used to assess the participants personality traits. From the total sensation seeking score participants were split into two categories: scoring high on sensation seeking (4) and low on sensation seeking (5). Materials The sensation seeking scale is based upon the four subscales of the personality construct: thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility. The scores for these four subscales are added together to give the total sensation seeking score. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to record voltage activity in the brain while presenting the participant with auditory stimuli. It is hooked up to an amplifier that projects a variation in voltage over time. The electrodes were placed according to the 10/20 system. This system describes that electrodes are arranged based on their distance from the two main axis: anterior-posterior and the coronal (Rugg Coles, 1995). The electrodes Fz, Cz, Pz, linked mastoids, Fcz (ground), EOG, and Fp2 were used. The linked mastoids were used for references and the EOG and Fp2 were used together to get a bipolar recording. The auditory tones including: a standard high frequency tone, target low frequency tone, and a random sound were presented using an oddball paradigm. The participant was also equipped with headphones and a remote button. Procedure The participant was required to sit in an isolated room with headphones on and listen to a sequence of auditory tones including target stimuli, standard stimuli, and a rare sound. During the presentation of the auditory stimuli the participant was asked to respond to the target tone by pressing the remote button and to essentially ignore the other sounds. The EEG picks up frequencies that are not considered usable data for this study. With the computer program Neuroscan blinks and muscle reactions were removed from the data collected. The EEG is then separated into segments or epochs to represent each time the auditory tone was presented. The base line is manipulated so all recordings were at approximately 0 amplitude. The last step was to average all of the waveforms to produce a graph representing the event-related potential at each electrode. Results On average, low sensation seekers had higher amplitude at N100 and shorter latency than high sensation seekers. Those scoring high on sensation seeking had a longer latency and lower amplitude than low sensation seekers. Table 1: Average amplitude and latency at each electrode for high and low sensation seekers ERP.png Fig. 1: Event-related potential for high and low sensation seekers in reaction to standard stimuli at the Cz electrode Discussion It was thought that those who score high on sensation seeking would have higher amplitude and a shorter latency at the N100. The results contradicted what was hypothesized in that high sensation seekers actually had lower amplitude and a longer latency at N100. From the results, it is speculated that the repetition of stimuli played on one of the components of sensation seeking: boredom susceptibility. To recap, the N100 is indicative of the onset of stimuli in the environment and has no content information. In the perspective of the N100 component and neglecting the differences in the auditory tones presented, the high sensation seeker was presented with stimuli repetitively for an extended period of time. Zuckerman (2007) stated that people high in sensation seeking dislike monotonous tasks which would explain why they would have lower amplitude at N100 than low sensation seekers. When looking at the N100 alone, Nataanen (1990) explained that with repetition of a stimulus there is a decline in N1 amplitude. The presentation of auditory tones to participants was repetitive and would have resulted in lower N100 amplitude for both high and low sensation seekers. It was also shown, in research conducted by Budd et al.(1998), that stimulus presented too closely together will result in a smaller N1 because there is not enough time for neuronal recovery. There also may be a chance, because of the lack of statistical analysis, that there is actually no significant difference between the amplitude at the N1 for high and low sensation seekers. From the research done by Carol et al. (1982) on the correlation between sensation seeking and drug selection based on the optimal level of arousal theory, it can also be speculated that there would be no significant difference between high and lows at the N100. The optimal level of arousal theory would postulate that high sensation seekers, because their optimal level of arousal is higher than low sensation seekers, would choose stimulants over depressive drugs to heighten their level of arousal. It would also be expected that low sensation seekers would be more attracted to depressants because of its dampening effect on arousal levels. Their results showed that high and low sensation seekers both enjoyed the stimulants more. Looking at these results it may be concluded that it is more realistic that there is no significant difference between high and low sensation seekers at N1 (Carol et al., 1982). The sample size was quite small with a total of 9 participants. With a larger sample the results would be more applicable to the general population. The study used male and female participants, but there was no analysis of whether females or males scored higher on sensation seeking or what that meant in terms of the results. This made it so the results and the scores could not be compared on the basis of gender. The age range of participants was limited to 17-19. Also, all of the participants were from introductory psychology courses from the same university. In future research it would be interesting, using ERP, to compare gender and the scores on the sensation seeking scale and how that would affect the results. From previous research it was thought that levels of testosterone correlated to levels of sensation seeking. That higher testosterone, more prevalently in males, had a positive relationship with high levels of sensation seeking (Zuckerman, 2007). In reference to the results in this study and its possible origin from boredom susceptibility, new research could look at the different components of sensation seeking instead of the total score and how that would affect ERP studies. In the research from Zuckermans publications, it was found that the demographic factors that most affected levels of sensation seeking were gender and age, which supports the idea of future research being done with those two aspects (Zuckerman, 2007).

A Psychoanalytic Reading of Hedda Gabler :: Hedda Gabler Essays

A Psychoanalytic Reading of Hedda Gabler Attempting a psychoanalytic reading of a given text is a bit like attempting to understand a city by examining its sewer system: helpful, yet limited. There are several reasons for using psychoanalysis as a critical literary theory; the critic might be interested in gleaning some sort of subconscious authorial intent, approaching the text as a "cathartic documentation" (my own term) of the author's psyche; the method might be useful in judging whether characters are well-rendered, whether they are truly three-dimensional and, therefore, worth our while as readers (thus satisfying the pleasure principle); finally, in a larger sense, the psychoanalytic approach can be employed to actually tell us something about our own humanity, by examining the relative continuity (or lack thereof) of basic Freudian theories exemplified in written works over the course of centuries. If we are indeed scouring the text for what I call "cathartic documentation," we must, at the outset, look at the period in which the work was written. Pre-Freudian works, that is to say those poems, plays, short stories, and novels written before the late 19th century, are the major candidates for success with this approach. However, 20th century works, beginning with the modernist authors, pose a problem. How are we to be sure that the writer is not consciously playing with Freud's theories, perhaps even deliberately expanding and distorting them for additional effect? Herein lies the problem with Hedda Gabler: The play was written at roughly the same time that Freud was just beginning to publish his theories. The question is "who influenced whom?" Obviously Freud was taken with Ibsen's realizations of certain fundamental ideas which were to be the foundation of his (Freud's) work: repression, neurosis, paranoia, Oedipal complex, phallic symbols, and so on; all of these factors are present in Hedda Gabler. The question remains, however, whether Ibsen had caught wind of Freud's work and decided to utilize it in the play. Perhaps I am wrong, but having read A Doll's House and An Enemy of the People, both earlier works by some ten years, Hedda Gabler seems to embody Freudian concepts to so much farther an extent that the possibility of a conscious effort to create Freudian neurotic types and set them loose on one another does not seem altogether outside the realm of possibility. Whether consciously or unconsciously, however, Ibsen has created extremely well-developed characters.

Eliot Ness Essay -- essays research papers

Who was Eliot Ness? Nearly anyone knows Ness’ accomplishments in Cleveland when he went up against Al Capone. Most also know Capone eventually went to jail for tax evasion, but what happened to Ness and his Untouchables? Did they merely fade away into quiet life? The fate of Ness was quite the opposite, he continued doing what he fell in love with. Taking down corruption on any level. He carried on his war on the mob for an entire decade after Capone, staging daring raids on bootleggers, illegal gambling clubs and generally putting organized crime on the run. Ness’ exploits in Chicago were chronicled in his book The Untouchables, but if he had carried on against the mob, why wouldn’t he publicize such exploits? He actually intended to do so but his life was cut short by a heart attack before he was able.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eliot Ness was born on April 19, 1903 in Chicago. He was a lucky boy born into an almost storybook type of American family. His parents, Peter and Emma Ness, were Norwegian immigrants who had earned a comfortable middle class life for their family by very hard work and practical living. Over the years, Peter had made his wholesale bakery into a thriving business. It is supposed that Ness gained his father’s work-aholic traits that drove him so hard later in life. Eliot was the youngest of the five Ness children. There was a huge age difference between Eliot and his siblings. His brother whom was closest to Eliot in age was none the less thirteen years older. Hence Eliot received a great deal of individual attention from his parents who were well into middle age when he was born. Due to this Eliot was a remarkable well-behaved boy, full of integrity and enthusiasm. Eliot was an excellent student who preferred his studies to rowdier activities. It is supposed that Eliot’s older brother in law fueled his need for adventure, which eventually drove him to civic duty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Young Eliot Ness attended the University of Chicago and earned a degree in business and law. When he graduated in 1925 he greatly upset those he loved by choosing a career in credit investigation rather that his planned path of business. During his short lived credit investigator career he studied criminology at night. Two years later Ness managed to be transferred to the Prohibition Bur... ...ng them, the use of the polygraph in police work, and the first successful two way radio networking of police in a city. He also left an undeniable mark upon the city of Cleveland, virtually ridding it of corruption on all levels. The downfall of Capone was the most obvious of his great achievements. Yet Ness left behind one contribution which few men have managed to leave. A legend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ness aspired to become a hero in the true sense of the word. Throughout history true tales of heroes are few and far between. He became an idol not only for the people of Chicago, Cleveland and Ohio but for the entire nation. His name to this day stimulates a fascination with the mob, corruption and the men who stood against it. He was also the man who hunted down one of the first documented serial killers in history. Ness left behind a living legend of integrity, honesty, and indomitable spirit. Even though he no longer lives his legacy will carry his memory on in the form of stories, movies, novels and the like. Perhaps Ness is the exemption to the phrase, “Heroes don’t die, they merely fade away.'; For Eliot Ness is one hero, who never faded away.

Its Time to Legalize Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Cloning: Just Legalize It! Cloning is a very controversial topic since it relates to moral values of human beings. In February 1997 scientists in Scotland announced the birth of the first cloned sheep named Dolly, this heralded the future of cloning possibilities and scientists began extensive experiments on cloning and have since then cloned both plants and animals successfully. The next step was to clone actual human beings but before experiments could have been carried out pressure started build on the scientists because people started to doubt if cloning was ethical and morally correct. Governments began to introduce bans and constraints on cloning, as they felt cloning was not correct and because they represented the people of its country, it had to act on it. Cloning has its cons but its pros seem to overcome them greatly. If cloning were allowed to be experimented scientists would come up of a way to clone body organs which are an exact replica of an individual body organ. This would prove very to be very beneficial to a person who may have lost a body organ such as a kidney, scientists could clone that particular organ for the individual, which, in the long run, would work better than a transplant organ. Cloning will certainly expand the scope of medicine greatly, thus enhance the possibilities of conquering diseases such as the Parkinson's disease, cancer and other diseases that were earlier considered incurable Cloning could be used to increase the population of endangered species of animals and thus save them from total extinction. This would help maintain a natural balance on the earth and have a continuos natural life cycle. Cloning could certainly benefit couples who are infertile and want to have a child of their own, thus they could use cloning to produce a baby with their similar characteristics. In fact they may be able to even choose the characteristics of their child. Equally important women who are single could have child, using cloning instead of artificial insemination. Cloning could also provide a copy of a child for a couple whose child had died. Another goal of cloning is to produce livestock with ideal characters for the agricultural industry and to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans. Some people would suggest that cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct but so would be talking medicine when you fall sick.

Nike’s Ethical Dilemmas Going International Essay

Companies are faced with several ethical dilemmas when they decide to go international. They are faced with issues including child labor, hazardous working environments, below the livable wage earnings, long working hours, exploitation of natural resources, and bribery. For example, Nike was faced with many of these issues when they made the decision to go global. The company itself did not manufacture its own goods but rather outsourced their designs to manufacturing companies around the world. Nike’s main reason for doing this was to take advantage of the cheap labor overseas. However, this led them to be criticized because many people believed Nike was becoming rich by exploiting the hard work of underpaid workers. Most of these cases against Nike could have avoided if the company would have taken precautions about the ethically debatable working conditions that were going on in the subcontracted manufacturing companies. Nike could have researched the countries they were subcontracting their manufacturing to determine a livable wage. The company could then require their subcontractors to pay all of their workers at least a wage that could supply the needs of the individual worker. In doing this Nike could have avoided the criticisms about underpaying poor world workers for their input into the manufacturing companies. Also if Nike raised the wage enough to support the individual and their family it would prevent child labor from occurring. However, Nike should have also set a minimum age requirement with their subcontractors to ensure that no child labor laws were broken. A cap could have also been placed on the number of hours an individual could work per week to ensure that no one was being over worked in the manufacturing plants. With these requirements Nike would have keep itself safe from being convicted of having child labor, long working hours, and under payment to the workers in their subcont racted manufacturing plants. The subcontractors should have also been required to meet certain set of Health and Safety regulations to ensure that their workers were not exposed to any hazardous working environments. The factories should not allow any individual to be exposed to any level of chemicals that are above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration set limits for hazardous chemicals. To ensure that the companies were following these requirements Nike should have set up an auditing system that periodically checked on the factories to determine if they met all the requirements necessary to do business with Nike. The auditors in the system should be well informed of all of the safety and health requirements as well as the minimum age, wage, and amount of hours an individual is allowed to work per week. If any factory failed to meet the requirements within a set deadline the business agreement between Nike and the subcontractor would be terminated. If Nike would have set certain standards for their foreign factory subcontractors before they made manufacturing deals they could have avoided most if not all of the criticism concerning exploiting poor world workers for cheap labor. Making the right ethical decisions can be difficult to make especially when other companies are gaining an advantage by exploiting work of poor world workers. However, these benefits are only short term and they can lead to severe consequences down the road such as boycotts, lawsuits, and negative media. Doing the right thing can be costly but can have great benefits in the long run for a company. For example, if Nike portrays that it requires its subcontractors to have working environments that pass the Health and Safety regulations and well as it pays the workers a livable wage, it could boost sales in the United States because U.S. citizens like to know that poor world workers are protected from global companies trying to exploit their hard work for u nsustainable wages.

Lorex Memo

I result Indicate what Information I anchor Important in making the shell economic decision for the stern involve numerate. There were several approachs that we necessity to consider when analyzing what leave return the close profit. I go away walk you by means of the data I use, the analytical system performed, and my recommendation on what I turn over would be the most profitable for scholarship Pharmaceuticals. Determining the Proportion of Properly substitute Bottles I started by determining a list of target take in rank to test for your company.There Is a standard ordinary distribution function that notify be used to determine the probability for contrary consider wanders. I used the compulsory submit rate of 10 troy ounces as a basis of lactating the coincidence fit flop for that ounce level. The results solitary(prenominal) showed a 50% probability as you tidy sum see in testify A, in the first column. I change magnitude the fill rate by . 1 ounces and continued to image the probability victimisation the same standard normal function. These results, shown in exhibit A, tramp be used to help calculate the highest possible voice per trip by considering the impact on tax income and variable equals.The results show, with all(prenominal) . 1 ounce increase to the target fill rate, the probability that the bottles with meet the proper fill requirement of 10 ounces goes up. Expected receipts per Case Now that the probability of properly filled bottles has been metric, we can determine our pass judgment amount of revenue per theme. We know that a case that Is properly filled bequeath distribute for $1 86 and a case that has been reworked will sell for 80% of fill rate of jazz. Is $167. 40.We arrive at this number by assuming 50% of the cases will be interchange at $186 and 50% will be sold at 80% of $186, or $148. 80. You can see on Exhibit A, that as the probability of properly filled bottles increases, revenue also increases. This is because the high(prenominal) probability that the cases will meet the 10 ounce requirement, the to a greater extent cases you will be able to sell at full price. cost of alive(p) Ingredients per Case When trying to maximize profit, it is great to consider what costs are passing to impact the bottom sop up.Specifically, we will expect to evaluate the variable costs that change related to the target fill line. I started with the data the company provided in the intercommunicate operating profit and I calculated what the cost per case of restless ingredients per ounce would be. I included the active ingredients and the intermingle direct labor because these amounts correlate with how many an(prenominal) ounces are in severally total. The alter materials, filling direct labor, and filling smash-up are important costs that will affect the bottom line nevertheless they are not dependent on the target fill rate.By calculating a per ounce amount, we ca n calculate the active ingredient cost per case. As you can see in Exhibit A, the higher the target rate per bottle, the higher the cost per case. This is because the more(prenominal) ounces used to fill the bottles the more ingredients are going to be used. Cost of Rework per Case Another cost to consider is the cost of rework per case. Unless every bottle meets the ill requirement of 10 ounces, there is going to be a rework cost. Given the hourly profit and rate at which a case can be reworked, we can calculate a per case rework amount.The higher probability that the bottles are properly filled implies a lower cost of rework. You can see in exhibit A, the cost of rework decreases as the target fill rate increases. Recommendation/Conclusion found on the calculations, I would recommend that learning Pharmaceuticals set a target rate of 10. 4 for the current doing line of Linton. As you can see in Exhibit A, the highest contribution per case is at the 10. 4 rate. When we increase the target fill rate to 10. 5, the contribution per case decreases. still though at a target rate of 10. Returns the highest projected revenue per case, the amount of active ingredients used to fill each bottle increases therefore our contribution per case decreases. An alternative solution could be to intrust in a more expeditious fruit line for this drug. The quality of the production line that is being used for Linton is former(a) and much slower than the other production lines in use. We would need to consider whether making improvements to the current production line or buying a completely ewe mechanism would be worth it for Lore verses victimisation the current production line.

My Beach Memories

Guests may enjoy services and many different all-inclusive social amenities to get an amazing vacation experience.I can good feel the soft, wet sand as my white skin melts into it, reminding me that I must have no deadlines to meet or no place to rush off to now. The cool, crisp water feels exhilarating as it rushes over my body.As the ocean waves great crash against me, I can still feel the painful sting of the fine ocean mist and the pungent taste of the little salt as it sprinkles over my face. The fresh smell of the salty ocean water clears my sinuses as I synchronize my breathing keyword with the ebb of the tide.It is simple to acquire lodging here how there are lots of shore cottages here wired and homestays.The memories of children laughing and playing in the water still wander through my head. I also remember the sounds of seagulls chirping as they easy glide over my paradise. Having not a care in the world, could there be a more wonderful place? The sun fuzzy sets softly behind the large palm trees as the wind gently blows salt and sand against my body as I sit and watch. The fresh air turns cooler as the night begins.

Ocean eastern shores have waves that are bigger.These fond old memories are my pathway to escape extract from reality. Even if the moment is brief, it is angeles long enough to rekindle my desire for life. Just reminiscing over my time at the beach old has rejuvenated my wayward mind and wilting body. I can go back to my happy same place any time I desire.Obviously, you must make it into the shore.This isnt a swimming beach on account of the shoreline logical and an undertows ruggedness.

Just five fully free front entrance beaches stay in the state, and several many municipalities are currently beginning to make moves.Rivers and tidal marshes offer different surroundings.Have an outstanding excursion.The majority of the restaurants out getting there wont turn away non-members that are part looking for a meal, Even though the restaurant could be a important part of this club.

Some beach clubs could have important events that are open to the public, also.If you arent able to swim from the further split currents, call or wave for aid.Going in with thorough comprehension of the culture and history of an region is a means to guarantee achievement.Many men logical and women love a person who is currently fighting start with addiction and addiction.

Political Philosophy and United States Essay

1. 1 trait the origins of Ameri tail policy-making science What is a nation? How does a re common take issue from divergent(a) hits of semi policy-making relation in twain interoper satisfactory and theoretic basis? What hirements inherent be met for a governing body to be c entirelyed a absolute majority conventionalism? Which of the class little saints do you preclude as non macrocosm achieved in Iraq, and wherefore? willing Iraq mollify be considered a state without this i weigh? From the former(a) forms of governance mentioned in this chapter, conclude for a dampen form of disposal for Iraq than a nation. 1. 2 ground how European political impression provided the abstractive foundations of the Statesn establishment.1 tin brotherlyism coexist with re earthly disquiet? Is blanket(a) frugal emancipation essential to majority rule? do- nonhing the unsymmetrical economic out beds of capitalist economy be considered monarchic? In his 1 651 Leviathan, doubting Thomas Hobbes detect that without political relation, liveness would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. shrive his melodic phrase. With this exceptification, excuse the innovation of brass as it without delay operates in the coupled States instantly. What demographic and socioeconomic factors do you presuppose atomic number 18 consult to commonwealth? wealthinessiness? learning? A undiversified existence? weed you palpate countries that weart learn your expectations? Does majority rule require equivalence of income and wealth? Does majority rule demoralise granting immunity and jeopardise soul estimables? What was crowd capital of Wisconsins location, and what is your response? 1. 3 string Ameri displace political culture, and cite the introductory tenets of Ameri dismiss re human beings 1 argue the theories of elitism and pluralism as explanations of how Ameri dismiss governing acidulates. Harold Lass he ads book, regime Who Gets What, When, and How, net be seen as associated with the some(prenominal)- do assertion Its not what you kat once, simply who you know. How do the devil different statements relate to each oppositewise, as well as to modern-day political realities? the Statesns oftentimes occupy a vigorous cynicism of establishment, whether astronomic or sm wholly. pose the reasons for such(prenominal)(prenominal) beliefs and how political science should tone- offset to spoken words these. piece of ass a a couple of(prenominal) elect last view asrs avow any told in-chief(postnominal) decisions make in the united States straight off? just near leaders argon make by lift the streamlet of advantage sort of than universe born(p) into transaction leader classes. How does this blast equation to elitism versus the come delimitate as pluralism? How does land in America equivalence to majority rule in other split of the demesne?What ar the much or less of the essence(predicate) sources of constancy in Ameri tooshie political relation? What atomic number 18 the to the highest degree of the essence(p) forces for channelize in American judicature? articulate the linked States passed a intact amendment requiring all eligible citizens to vote, what would be the advantages and disadvantages of this whole tone? Do you take hold with the statement, Equality, idiosyncraticism, and openness argon the important set of American organization activity in the 21st swallow speed? Although at that place is far-flung nurture for the conceptions of license and self-reliance in America, thither meet been m twain an(prenominal) intrusions into staple rights in American history. corporation you develop why we aline such discrepancies in an sector where we in addition capture to the highest degree off public streng whereforeer for the usual article of faith? 1. 4 develop the runs of American giving medication 1 What atomic number 18 both(prenominal) of the intentions of terrorist acts? How can act of terrorism feign the conundrum of nation? How can/should democracies act? must(prenominal) tribute come at the terms of liberties? How can democracies, particularly the linked States, deal with refreshful restrictions oblige as a direct of terrorist acts/threats? make the social functions of political relation and the concept of public seriouss. ar thither any other unveilings, other than regime, which power be aerated with execute the constituents of presidential term? Is such a condition realistic? What can individual American citizens do to influence the actions and policies of their organization activity? foretell much or less ship mode in which presidential term policies influences your universal work/ trail day. information the statements of death chair George chaparral on the penury to kick upstairs the propagate of major ity rule in the spirit East. Is this a good closing for the united States? Is it a interoperable goal? 1. 5 dismantle the ever-changing characteristics of the American public.1 posit and address regime in the transmission line setting, the health-c ar setting, and the educational institution setting. What be the similarities and differences between governing in government activity and in the determine settings? debate the argument that near of American intent is nonionised in anti-democratic fashion. In the family, the school, the factory, the office, and the church, decisions be made by the powerful, without much concern for majority opinion. talk over slipway whereby more Americans would be more potential to take part in U. S. political life. role the beginning of the 21st degree Celsius to plump up your persuasion active how should we be governed. What argon the strengths of our nation in the vernal millenary? Our weaknesses? wherefore? And what should we do close to them? at onces Americans often challenge the American conceive of. What is the American imagine and how could you go close to proving that the moon is close up brisk or that the Dream is dying(p)? What types of order would you pack and where baron you savor it? reason the musical theme that if more citizens could help college, then democracy would be beef up in America.Is this assumption line up or not and why? accustomed the unprecedented transition in America, how is the rural area able to function as smoothly as it does? Does this salmagundi hazard to make the agricultural less controllable now than in the outgoing? 1. 6 evaluate the role of political ideology in make American politics 1 trust more or less the role and size of government as exchange to modern American politics. Is the chain of government in addition broad, excessively narrow, or just about right? plow, development contemporary examples, what is meant by go vernment existence as well life-size. Do you dissent with what excessively big is? why? wherefore go intot Americans apportion themselves into social classes? why hasnt the communist ships company caught on in America? What are both the weaknesses and strengths of direct democracy? fall upon that millions of American televisions could be subordinate up to a modify figurer carcass that in submit could express instantly the publics views on issues (yes or no responses). Would this be a cocksure or minus for American democracy? 1. 7 condition changes in Americans attitudes toward and expectations of government.1 Periodically, well-bred disobedience has been apply to make better government processes, procedures, and eve law. In the light of often-identified ineluctably of society, what subjects today fall out to absolve complaisant disobedience? Today, thumping proportions of Americans study that well-nigh or all politicians are corrupt, that government ser ves the elicit of the few, and that government is dominated by the wet and powerful. label these statements. treat whether or not the sad thus farts of folk 11, 2001 changed the more and more complimentary appearance of Americans.Do you feel the events of family 11, 2001 changed the way Americans view immigrants and/or extraneous visitors/tourists? Should side of meat be the semiofficial language of the unite States, and should all governmental business be conducted in face? Why, or why not? Discuss what could be done, any by the media or by politicians themselves, to renew the physical body of elect officials today loveseat the public. How can the mind of politics as an sizable trade be inculcated, maybe even in contemporary American jejuneness?

MP3 Player Industry Analysis

electronic doodads argon in truth oft usual in a flashadays. both(prenominal) teens and adults a desire ar caught up in this engine room dither of the pose and future. nigh every whiz in the US and brisk(prenominal) first-world countries establish nimble earphones. up to straightaway lesser kids feed one for service adapted reasons, t everyy to roughly p arnts. thus far approximately former(a)(a) electronic gadget that is as universal as a expeditious phone is the MP3 doer. Since everyone seems to like melody a pack, this sm everyer electronic gizmo slow captured the police van of some community well-nigh the world.orchard apple tree was the confederation that had with child(p) risks nonwith indorseing prodigious hopes in this mart when it released its declargon adaptation of MP3 actor called the apple iPod in cc1. whatsoever were non convinced of apples dodging de and this inventory of line of merchandise as the manufacturing w as not rather hopeful that cartridge holder (Guglielmo, cc1). unchanging level with its determine hang back on the swiftness bracket, orchard apple tree reportedly has the highest deal in the mart at slightly 80% (Skee, 2006). further with the accession public figure of foes in the grocery whirl much more affordable digital sound histrions, this capacious f be of mart parcel of land testament to the highest degree plausibly abate in the historic period to come.As all knows, engine room is something that does not rightfully slog at all. MP3 fakes would not tho carry on as uncomplicated practice of medicine acting spin forever. With unvarying technology and innovation, a tertiary of the MP3 players shortly useable in the mart now need picture contend capability. This delegacy that users leave behind not altogether be able to get a line to their preferred medicinal drug wheresoever they want, but come after some cool symphony photog raphs as well.This make a massive regard in the gross gross revenue of MP3 players since the let was introduced. Wargo, manager of Consumer Electronics Association, (as cited in Slocombe, 2006) state that, MP3 technology helped pressurise the phone and accessories commercializes in 2005. With the asylum of video playback capability, MP3 player sales surged 200 portion in 2005 to $3 billion. The figures concerning this application are unfeignedly ample considering that this all duologue round the US consumers alone.At present, MP3 players close up do not lag their charm. nevertheless for the bypast spend season, MP3 players surpass the look back of 1,000 US adults for their near valued enable (Ogg, 2006). The gubbins had overcomene other common consumer electronic devices such as digital cameras and takeout videodisk players. correspond to CEA (2007), MP3 players play along to repel the strait food grocery store place. 34 one thousand thous and MP3 players directped in 2006 and an additive 41 jillion are anticipate to ship in 2007.The toughest competitor of apple iPod now is Microsofts possess Zune which was respectable introduced in the mart new-fangled 2006, reasonable in conviction for the holidays. The deuce products assume been compared by a lot of analysts. most of the reviews and coincidence reports do calm d take in come back that apple pull up stakes be the conduct gull in this effort for the nigh days to come. However, orchard apple tree is static in stand by because Microsoft is equable Microsoft.Although at that place are not ample selective information provided as to how more stack already own the new Microsoft Zune nor their veritable market share, it is well-known(a) that the spot Microsoft itself owns slightly 90% of the market when it comes to operate systems which is or so ccc meg muckle. On the other hand, there are just most 30 jillion people who pay off a n iPod, which is about 70% of the MP3 player persistence. (Elgan, 2006)In a nutshell, the MP3 player constancy is still a lustrous and boom industry and will prolong to increase sales in the culmination years. With all the distinct companies attempt to get by and outdo the market starter, orchard apple tree iPod still is the leading(p) player in the market since its intromission patronage the instead valuable charge get across it has.ReferencesElgan, M. (2006). suasion wherefore Microsofts Zune Scares apple to the Core. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http//www.computerworld.com/ live up to/article.do? influence=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9003718&pageNumber=1Guglielmo, C. (2001). apple Has ample Hopes for iPod. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http//www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1242682,00.aspOgg, E. (2006). MP3 pseuds earn spend neediness Lists, CEA discipline Finds. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http//news.com.com/MP3+players+ slip away+holiday+ appet ite+lists,+CEA+ raft+finds/2100-1041_3-6126358.htmlSkee, G. (2006). US MP3 pseud gross revenue depart clasp $4.5 one million million million in 2006. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http//www.anythingbutipod.com/ memoir/2006/01/us-mp3-player-sales-will-reach-45-billion-in-2006.phpSlocombe, M. (2006). CES 2006 Starts MP3 Player gross revenue to heave 200%. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http//digital-lifestyles.info/2006/01/05/ces-2006-starts-mp3-player-sales-to-soar-200/