Essay on the Influence of Mary Shelley’s Life on Frankenstein

Influence of Mary Shelleys liveness on Frankenstein Since its publication in 1818, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein has grown to become a name associated with horror and science fiction. To fully understand the importance and origin of this novel, we must look at twain the tragedies of Mary Shelleys background and her own origins. Only then can we begin to examine what the icon Frankenstein has become in todays society. Mary Godwin was born in capital of the United Kingdom in 1797 to prominent philosopher William Godwin and well-known feminist and author Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin. Shortly after Marys birth, her mother died of complications from childbirth, and this event set the stage for the strained relationship between Mary and her father. Godwin blamed Mary for her mothers death and put her in the care of her unqualified stepmother, who favored her own children and forced Mary to do tedious housework. Godwin matte that punishing Mary would satisfy his grief, and consequently M ary became withdrawn in her studies. Her talent for writing is believed to have saved her from premature suicide. Possibly as an onrush to be accepted by her father, Mary immersed herself in literary studies and her fathers intellectual conversations with other philosophers. She attempted to postulate with her mothers legacy by continuously writing. It was reported that Marys attempts to compete with her dead mother reached obsessive proportions by the time she turned seventeen. When Mary was seventeen, writes Samuel Rosenburg, she began taking her books and writing material to the nearby Old St. Pancras Church, where her parents had been married and where her mother was buried. There, sitting in the graveyard behind the church, th... ...ience fiction. From this novel, many other versions have spawned, each one versions of the legendary novel by 19-year-old Mary Shelley. Works Cited Florescu, Radu. In reckon of Frankenstein. Boston New York Graphic Society, 1975. Glut, D onald F. The Frankenstein Language A Tribute to Mary Shelley and Boris Karloff. Metuchen The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1973. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. London Puffin Books, 1818. Rosenburg, Samuel. Happy 150th Dear Frankenstein, Life. March 15, 1968. taken from the Life of Mary Shelley document online http//www.desert-fairy.com/life.shtml Works Consulted http//www.mountwashingtonvalley.com/frankenstein/ http//www.cityu.edu.hk/ls/research/frankenstein/ http//www.frankensteinwaxmuseum.com http//www.rrfrankenstein.com http//www.godsandmonsters.net

Investigative Reporting :: essays research papers

Investigative ReportingIn the seventeenth century the puritans lived through relationships, religion, community, theme and punishment in a way that would bring honor and glory to God. In The Scarlet Letter, the puritans of seventeenth century Boston society were a necessity driven religious group that would not accept sin of any kind without punishment. The type of punishment they would use the most was that of public humiliation and to be taunted by the community around the one who committed the crime or sin. In Hester Prynnes case, her crime was adultery, which was most commonly punishable by death. sort of of death, the community branded Hester Prynne with a letter A for the rest of her life and made her stand in front of the whole community as an event for everyone that sin and corruption was not accepted in their society. Relationships between men and women were very constrained, which is what made adultery such a bad sin in the eyes of everyone of the community. Men had mo re rights than women did and that is why anything Hester would have said could not have possibly helped her. Religion seemed to be what governed over all, people would look up to reverends and the community believed that fate was their destiny. In the seventeenth century everything was very strict and everyone was expected to to follow the laws, which makes Hesters sin such a good grammatical case of the beliefs of that time period. This type of punishment was used not only to humiliate, but to discourage people from breaking the laws and committing the same sin or crime.As the nineteenth century came about Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter, making the setting in Boston, taking place in the seventeenth century. Although The Scarlet Letter was written about seventeenth century Salem, the problems of the past affect the future as evidenced by the personal guilt that Hawthorne, being of a Puritan heritage, reveals concerning his past. The nineteenth century was a place of c hange for different people, different places, and different situations. Fore example women were gaining more rights, the revolutionary changes of the Civil War affected history and technology, also bringing up was on the rise. People no longer treated women as inferiors but as equals. Sin was still viewed as bad, but it was no longer punished by humiliation and death but as to be settled with God himself.

Streetcar Named Desire Essay: Themes in A Streetcar Named Desire

Themes in A trolley car Named Desire A Streetcar Named Desire is a pessimistic work that is the culmination of a view of life in which evil, or at least undiminished insensitivity, conquers throughout no matter what the protagonistic forces do(Szeliski 69). In other words, sensitive individualistics all meet a similar fate-crushed under the heels of those who lack sensitivity. This play is about Blanche DuBois therefore, the main themes of the caper concern her directly. In Blanche is seen the tragedy of an individual caught between two worlds-the past world of the Southern gentlewoman and the present world of crudeness and decay-unwilling to let go of the past and unable, because of her character, to come to any sort of terms with the present (Falk 94). The final result is her destruction. This process began long before her clash with Stanley Kowalski. It started with the death of her young husband, a weak and perverted boy who committed suicide when she taunted him with her disg ust at the discovery of his perversion. In retrospect, she knows that he was the only man she had ever loved, and from this early denouement evolved her promiscuity. She is lonely and frightened, and she attempts to fight this condition with sex. Desire fills the emptiness when there is no love and desire blocks the inexorable movement of death, which has already wasted and decayed Blanches inherited home Belle Reve. For Blanche, Belle Reve was the remaining symbol of a life and tradition that she knows in her heart have vanished, yet to which she clings with a desperate tenacity. In doing so, she is both an individual and a representative of her society, an emblem of a lost tradition (Krutch 39). She is dated. Her speech, manners and habi... ...Adler, Thomas. A Streetcar Named Desire The Moth and the Lantern. New York Twayne, 1990. Baym, Nina et al, eds. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York W.W. Norton & Co. 1995. Falk, Signi. Twentieth snow Interpretations of A Streetcar Named Desire. The Southern Gentlewoman. Ed. Jordan Y. Miller. New island of Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1971. Krutch, Joseph Wood. Twentieth Century Interpretations of A Streetcar Named Desire. Review of Streetcar Named Desire. Ed. Jordan Y. Miller. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1971. Szeliski, John T. von. Twentieth Century Interpretations of A Streetcar Named Desire. Tennessee Williams and the Tragedy of Sensitivity. Ed. Jordan Y. Miller. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1971. Williams, Tennessee. The Theater of Tennessee Williams. A Streetcar Named Desire. New York Laughlin, 1971.

Nike Sweat Shops Essay -- essays research papers Business

Nike Sweat ShopsI am writing this letter to express my concerns over Nikes tug practices in Asia. There has been much debate and controversy recently concerning Nikes Asian labor practices. It is very difficult to determine which side of the argument to defend, as both point fall out the problems yet put a completely different spin on the facts. I will try to show that Nike has created a cloud of smoke in Asia that the public cannot see through.Nike does not own either of the factories that produce its products in Asia, and subsequently they do not directly employ the workers or management. They contract out work to factories that make all of the products and run all of the factories. They have a massive amount of leverage when dealing with these factories because of the huge contracts they supply. To ensure good labor practices, Nike has a Code of Conduct that every contractor must agree to in order to receive a contract. The Code of Conduct in guess condemns and prohibits chil d labor, requires that workers be paid fair wage, imposes caps on the days and hours that a worker can be forced to work, prohibits mistreatment or discrimination of workers in any form, and states that factories must implement programs that benefit worker?s health and safety. There are 1000 Nike employees worldwide monitoring operations across the globe.The most consonant criticism of Nike is that the workers in the factories are not aware of the Code of Conduct that was agreed upon, espec...

The pool Doctor :: essays research papers

The Pool DoctorThe Marketing plan of poll doctor is a little blend one. Beside the marketing plan of the pool doctor, it is also concerned for the choice of chemicals he has to make as come up.Before we begin with the marketing plan of the pool doctor, for priming coat of ease, I would like to segment the requireing ahead section into two parts. The choice of chemical suppliers and the services and products to be offered with the companies marketing plan.As choice of chemicals in an internal procurement decision as well as it influences a major part of marketing strategy.As mentioned in the book, lets start with the first back breaker of the marketing plan, defining the marketing challenge. In this section we need to focus on the marketing strategy in terms of current strategy is it well implemented or a new or modified strategy should be used to improve profitability. The marketing challenge.The marketing challenge facing Jeff is an enkindle one. Let us look at the current m arketing plan of the poll doctor. In the previous years Jeff had advertised using direct-mail advertising campaigns which had be futile. Then Jeff tried to put adds in the two news papers, Winnipeg free press and the Jewish post. As we look at the selected 1990 media cost comparing the circulation of the two new paper except the Jewish post, the metro and Winnipeg free press, Jeff has taken a wise decision to advertise in free press because of its more circulation. Now as poll doctor wanted to expand its operation to St.Boniface and St. vital areas of Winnipeg Jeff should probably try advertising in the Lance, which covers twain the areas. As the data provided in the advertising in incomplete, I can not predict in details amount of MAL rates would apply, but a equal amount of adds in Winnipeg Free press should be printed as business is more concentrated in these areas. In addition to direct-mail advertising political program Jeff has almost stopped, instead it should be with Aris tocrat mailing program and not on its own. But there is a need to change the look of the flyer and make it more professional. A sample flyer is included at the end of the plan.As we see the distribution of survey thirty percent of had heard about poll doctor from a friend, thirty percent from fliers, seventeen from Aristocrat and thirteen from Jewish post and rest by others means.

The pool Doctor :: essays research papers

The Pool DoctorThe Marketing plan of poll doctor is a little mixed one. Beside the merchandise plan of the pool doctor, it is also concerned for the choice of chemicals he has to make as well.Before we begin with the merchandise plan of the pool doctor, for reason of ease, I would like to segment the looking ahead section into two parts. The choice of chemical suppliers and the services and products to be offered with the companies marketing plan.As choice of chemicals in an ingrained procurement decision as well as it influences a major part of marketing strategy.As mentioned in the book, lets start with the first point of the marketing plan, defining the marketing challenge. In this section we need to focus on the marketing strategy in terms of current strategy is it well apply or a newfound or modified strategy should be used to improve profitability. The marketing challenge.The marketing challenge facing Jeff is an interesting one. let us look at the current marketing plan of the poll doctor. In the previous years Jeff had advertised using direct-mail advertising campaigns which had proved futile. thus Jeff tried to put adds in the two news papers, Winnipeg free press and the Jewish post. As we look at the selected 1990 media cost comparing the circulation of the two new paper except the Jewish post, the metro and Winnipeg free press, Jeff has taken a wise decision to advertise in free press because of its more(prenominal) circulation. Now as poll doctor wanted to expand its operation to St.Boniface and St. vital areas of Winnipeg Jeff should probably try advertising in the Lance, which covers both the areas. As the data provided in the advertising in incomplete, I can not predict in details amount of MAL rates would apply, but a fitting amount of adds in Winnipeg Free press should be printed as business is more concentrated in these areas. In addition to direct-mail advertising program Jeff has nigh stopped, instead it should be with Aristocrat m ailing program and not on its own. But there is a need to change the look of the neb and make it more professional. A sample flyer is included at the end of the plan.As we see the distribution of survey thirty percent of had hear about poll doctor from a friend, thirty percent from fliers, seventeen from Aristocrat and thirteen from Jewish post and rest by others means.

Term Paper on Ddbl Mobile Banking. Chittagong Cantonment Public College.

- 1. 0 Introduction Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) has for the origin clipping introduced its unsettled cashboxing physical exercisefulness expanding the dep unrivalleding service from cities to remote aras. quick banking is an election to the tralatitious banking through which banking service move be reached at the doorsteps of the deprived section of the society, - 1. 1 Origin of the key This history is an outcome of one calendar month Chittagong Cantonment Public College architectural plan prepargond as the requirement of BBA program of the school of Business.The work on this report was carried out as Field establish Report writing and presentation program on Dutch-Bangla Bank meandering(a) Banking in Bangladesh at the wandering(a) Banking Office, Agrabad MB Office, Shah Amir Plaza(1stFloor),534/535, Sheikh Mujib Road Agrabad , Chittagong. This report is as sign-language(a) and approved by academic supervisor Mr. Mohammed Abu Taher, Lecturer, Department of Busi ness Administration, Chittagong Cantonment Public College. The report is entitled as Field base Report writing and presentation program on Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. - . 2 Objective of the study 1. To prepare a formal study on Mobile Banking System in the perspective of Bangladesh. 2. To know the accept aptitude level of transaction by Mobile Banking by rural battalion. 3. To find out the dash of increasing the operational area of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. 4. To identify the level of shelter and unavowedity of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. 5. To find out the reasons of backwardness of Mobile Banking in rural area of Bangladesh. 6. To find out the remedies of the conundrums to implement expeditious banking for rural concourse - . 3 Methodology of the study The methodology exercised for this study is as follows Types of info For this study both primary and turnary data has been lend oneselfd. a) Primary Source Primary data turn all over been coll ected form general state and substance ab determinationr of cell telephone and bank enforcers. In order to collect the detail data, participatory observation method has as well been handlingd. b) Secondary Source Beside primary data, necessary secondary data take on been collected from the Newspapers, web berths, textbooks, research articles, government publications and various published research works on fluid banking. 1. 4 Limitations of the study maximum effort was given to make the study a successful one, only if it suffers from some limitation those were apparently unavoidably. The major ones were ? Shortage of snip period The major limitation faced to carry out this project was mainly time constraints. The time constraint of the study hindering the course of vast area and time for preparing a report within the mentioned period is echtly difficult. ? Secrecy of Management The authority of DBBL did non disclose some(prenominal) culture for keeping the organizati on confidential.They create restriction to disclose some secrete information to other. So, some data could not been collected for confidentiality or secrecy of commission. ? Green field sector wholeness of the major limitations of this report is that no previous study is done before. So, secondary information was scarce. ? Busy working environment The officials had some times been unable to translate information because of their huge routine work. That is why we do not gather vast knowledge around the critical issues. It is really difficult to gather data from the place where mint do not know me for a long time. Lack of information In the website, Mobile banking related information was limited. - 2. 0 organizational overview DBBL was the first bank in Bangladesh to be fully automated. The Electronic-Banking Division was established in 2002 to chthonictake rapid automation and set out modern banking services into this field. dear automation was completed in 2003 and hereby introduced p destinationic property to the Bangladeshi masses. DBBL withal operates the nations sizablest ATM fleet and in the process drastically cut consumer cost and fees by 80%.Moreover, DBBL choosing the low profitability route for this sector has surprised m either critics. DBBL had pursued the mass automation in Banking as a CSR exercise and n of all time intended profitability from this sector. As a result it now digests unrivaled banking engineering offerings to all its clients. Because of this mindset, some local banks open joined DBBLs banking under(a)structure instead of pursuing their control got. Even with a history of hefty technological putments and an even enlargedr donations, consumer and investor confidence has never waned.Dutch-Bangla Bank stock set the interpret for the highest share price in the capital of Bangladesh Stock Exchange in 2008. - 2. 1 Pioneer of Mobile Banking Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) has for the first time introduced its of ficious banking service at 1st April, 2011 & expanding the banking service from cities to remote areas. Bangladesh Bank Governor Atiur Rahman yesterday inaugurated the service by puzzleing Tk 2,000 and withdrawing Tk 1,500 through Banglalink and Citycell restless networks in Motijheel area. 2. 2 execution of DBBL on Mobile Banking sector Awards intoxicated by DBBL for launching best restless banking services - 2. 3 Agent of DBBL Mobile BankingAgents Mobile Banking Agents ( Total = 13721 ) DhakaDivision( 5422 ) ChittagongDivision( 2368 ) SylhetDivision( 830 ) BarisalDivision( 812 ) RangpurDivision( 1489 ) KhulnaDivision( 1305 ) RajshahiDivision( 1495 ) - . 4 DBBL Mobile Banking Model Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL), a technology savvy commercial bank in Bangladesh, started Mobile Banking on 31 bump into, 2011. DBBL has followed a unique puzzle for deployment of the Mobile Banking in Bangladesh. DBBL model has the pursuance characteristics 1 Bank-led modelDBBL Mobile Banki ng is a Bank-led model to fulfill the elementary banking withdraws utilizing officious phones in Bangladesh where only 24% of the adult population has bank grudges, but 60% are utilise vigorous phones.This is contrary to the Mobile Banking in heightened countries where almost degree Celsius% of the adult heap give up bank flier, and as such(prenominal) there is no need for discharging basic banking activities using quick phones, instead there is a requirement for the banks to discharge conventional banking services over the active bank accounts to a greater extent conveniently using wandering(a) phones. 2 VisionThe vision of the DBBL Mobile Banking is to encourage Banking to the unbanked (un identical other models in developing countries which promote P2P or Send Money), and to develop pitchs habit among the unbanked.Accordingly DBBL Mobile Banking started with and providing highest importance to the registration with proper KYC, Cash-in and Cash-out activities. Ot her activities like P2P, disbursement of foreign remittance, profit/wages, governments/other allowances, air-time top-up, buying goods and services etc are considered as the by-product of the basic banking services. 34 An account, not a walletDBBL Mobile Banking considers the cohere of the client as equilibrium in his ready account like balance in the savings or current accounts, not as electronic silver or wallet.Four parties involved DBBL Mobile Banking has involved four parties Bank, Mobile dismisswork Operators (MNO), Agents and Customers with a commission model to suit each of the parties. The commission aerated to the customers is acceptable to them (customers), and at the same time it is motivational for the Bank, MNO and agents to run their several(prenominal) business. Highest priority is given to the social welfares of customers and agents. 5 Four Cash movement tiersCustomers croupe cash-in/cash-out at agents, agents at super agents and the super agents at bank branches. Thus ll the cash is in conclusion cooked at a bank branch. To make the transactions convenient, provision has been unploughed for the customers and agents to perform the transaction forthwith at bank branches/ATMs. 6 Four Geographical tiersTo have better and close supervision on the customers, agents and super agents, develop the lively banking market, dissolute and localized data entry during customer registration, and the dispute management, the country has been divided into four tiers territory, upozila, district and division. - . 5 Number of Customer in Comparison with others. 2. 6 - 2. 6 Comparison between DBBL Mobile Banking & bKash SL NO Service Features DBBL Bkash Remarks for DBBL 1 Registration dislodge trim Tk 100/- initial deposit for approbal 2 Cash in at Bank Free N/A 3 Cash in at agent 1% Free 4 Cash out at Branch Free N/A 5 Cash out at ATM Free 2% 6 Cash out at agent 2% 1. 85% Expecting to reduce the fee to 1% 7 Inward Foreign Remittance Fre e N/A 3. 1 Mobile banking system Mobile Banking is a Banking process without bank branch which provides monetary services to unbanked communities efficiently and at low-cost cost. Mobile banking is a term used for performing balance projects, account transactions, defrayals, credit applications and other banking transactions through a unstable invention such as a diligent phone or mortalal Digital Assistant. The mobile banking services were offered over SMS, a service known as SMS banking. 3. 2 Current situation of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Mobile banking is a youthful technology in Bangladesh. Mobile banking is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, getment, etc via mobile device such as mobile phones. Most people heard about it but not have a brighten idea, almost 94% people heard about mobile banking and 6% havent heard about mobile banking. Mobile banking started from 31st March 2011. Dutch Bangla Bank Limited pioneered in mobile bankin g services in Bangladesh.Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited launched the service in collaboration with mobile phone operators Banglalink, and CityCell. originally mobile banking allow for provide the clients with cash deposit, cash onanism, merchant defrayment, utility defrayal, salary disbursement, foreign remittance, and fund transfer services. Nine other banks have also been licensed by the Bangladesh Bank to introduce mobile banking. Bangladesh Bank governor Atiur Rahman inaugurated the service through depositing coin in and withdrawing cash from two DBBL-authorized mobile service centers at Naya Paltan and Purana Paltan areas in the city.Mobile banking is a new concept, because of this, it would be a little more expensive for the users. The aim of mobile banking is to bring more people under the umbrella of banking service. Government thinks it has a great prospect as it is a new technology in fingerbreadthal Bangladesh. provided in Bangladesh m either people think traditionall y, because they tummynot think it has any facility to use mobile banking. 69% people feel mobile banking has prospect in Bangladesh whereas 31% think it has no prospect in Bangladesh as more people go forth not feel interest or have belief on mobile banking. 3. 3 DBBLs Mobile Banking Services and offers a) Customer relation b) Cash deposit c) Cash withdrawal d) Foreign remittance e) Salary disbursement f) Person to individual transfer (P2P) g) Air time top up h) Balance inquiry - 3. 4 DBBLs Mobile Banking procedure The users entrust have to pay a service charge of Tk50 for depositing Tk5,000 and Tk 100 to withdraw the same amount of money.The service charge allow be whichever amount is higher between Tk5 and 1 per centum of the deposited money at the cash-in end and whichever amount is higher between Tk10 and 2 per cent of the money withdrawn from the cash-out end. Any Banglalink, airtel or CityCell mobile user can register as a recipient of the service by paying a Tk10 fee to any authorized agent point of the DBBL or any retailer of CityCell, airtel and Banglalink. After registration, the users will be given a personal identification add up and a check digit ranging from one to nine which will be added to his/her mobile number that will act as security measures.E very user will need his/her mobile set, check digit and fleur-de-lis for qualification any transaction. Customers money is safe as no one can withdraw money without taking possession of the mobile set, sword lily and the check digit all together, no one will be able to deposit unwanted money into a mobile banking account without subtle the check digit, although the mobile number is publicly known. The mobile banking is a part of digitalizing the banking sector and the central banks plan to bring the masses under fiscal inclusion. 3. 5 Future prospect of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Based on the Inter depicted object Review of Business Research Papers from World business Institute, Aus tralia, following are the key functional trends possible in world of Mobile Banking. With the advent of technology and increasing use of smart phone and tablet based devices, the use of Mobile Banking functionality would enable customer connect across entire customer life cycle much comprehensively than before.With this scenario, current mobile banking objectives of translate building descents, reducing cost, achieving new revenue stream will transform to enable new objectives targeting higher level goals such as building deformity of the banking organization. Emerging technology and functionalities would enable to create new ways of lead generation, prospecting as well as developing deep customer relationship and mobile banking world would achieve superior customer experience with bi-directional intercourses. Illustration of objective based functionality enrichment In Mobile Banking Communication enrichment Video Interaction with agents, advisors. * Pervasive legal proceeding capabilities Comprehensive Mobile wallet * Customer Education Test drive for demos of banking services. * Connect with new customer segment Connect with Gen Y Gen Z using games and social network ambushed to surrogate banks offerings. * Content monetization Micro level revenue themes such as music, e-book download . * Vertical aligning Positioning offerings over mobile banking specific industries. * Horizontal positioning Positioning offerings over mobile banking across all the industries. 3. 6 History of Mobile Banking in Abroad Improving get to to financial services, such as savings, deposits, insurance and remittances, is vital to reducing poverty. manner of speakings can help poor people to invest in productive assets like red-hotstock, a loan may help to expand business activities, and insurance can provide income for a family if a breadwinner becomes sick. In umteen developing countries, however, 9 out of 10 people do not have a bank account or access to basic fi nancial services.Poor people are often not considered viable customers by the formal financial sector as their transaction sizes are small, and many live in remote areas beyond the reach of banks branch networks. Informal banking services such as microfinance and village savings and loan associations remain limited in their reach. The first mobile banking and hire initiatives were announced during 1999 (the same year that Fundamental deployed their first proto fictional character). The first major deployment was made by a company called ease up box (largely nourished financially by Deutsche Bank).The company was founded by two young Germans (Mathias Entemann and Eckart Ortwein) and successfully deployed the solution in Germany, Austria, Sweden, Spain and the UK. At about 2003 more than a million people were registered on Pay box and the company was rated by Gartner as the leader in the field. Unfortunately Deutsche Bank withdraws their financial support and the company had to reo rganize quickly. All but the operations in Austria closed down. Another early starter and also identified as a leader in the field was a Spanish initiative (backed by BBVA and Telephonica), called Mobi Pago.The name was later changed to Mobi Pay and all banks and mobile operators in Spain were invited to join. The product was launched in 2003 and many retailers were acquired to accept the special USSD payment confirmation. Because of the complex shareholding and the constant political challenges of the different owners, the product never fulfilled the promise that it had. With no marketing support and no compelling reason for adoption, this initiative is floundering at the moment. Many other large players announced initiatives and ran pilots with big fanfare, but never showed traction and all initiatives were ultimately discontinued.Some of the early examples are the famous vending machines at the Helsinki airport supported by a system from Nokia. Siemens made announcements in conn ecter with listed and high-flying German e-commerce company, Brokat. Brokat also won the lucrative Vodafone contract in 2002, but crashed soon afterwards when it runs out of funds. Israel (as can be expected) produced a large number of mobile payment start-ups. Of the many, only one survived Trivnet. Others like Adamtech (with a technically sound solution called Cell pay) and Paytt disappeared after a number of pilots but without any successful production deployments.Initiatives in Norway, Sweden and France never got traction. France Telecom launched an ambitious product based on a special mobile phone with an integrated mentality reader. The solution worked well, but never became popular because of the un get outive, special phone that participants inevitable in order to perform these payments. Since 2004, mobile banking and payment industry has come of age. roaring deployments with positive business cases and big strategic impact have been seen recently. 3. 7 - Mobile Banking servicesMobile banking can offer service such as the following eyeshade information i. Mini- statement and checking of account history ii. Alerts on account activity or passing of set thresholds iii. Monitoring of term deposits iv. glide path to loan statements v. Access to card statements vi. Mutual funds/equity statement vii. Insurance policy management viii. Pension plan management ix. Status on cheque, stop payment on cheque. Payment and transfers i. Domestic and international fund transfers ii. Micro-payment handling iii. Mobile recharging iv. Commercial payment processing v. Bill payment processing i. Person to Person payment Investment i. Portfolio management service ii. Real-time stock quotes iii. Personalized alerts and notification on security prices Support i. Status of request for credit including owe approval, and insurance ii. Coverage iii. Check (cheque) book and card requests iv. Exchange of data messages and email, including complaint submission and tracking v. A TM location Content service i. command information such as weather up dates, news ii. Loyalty-related offers iii. Location-based services - . 8 Basic Mobile Banking Technologies There are four fundamental approaches to mobile banking. The first two rely on technologies that are standard features on almost all cell phones. Interactive Voice Response (IVR) If we have ever called our credit card issuer and meander through a confusion of prompts For English, press 1 for account information, press 2 then youre familiar with interactional voice response. In mobile banking, it works like this Banks advertise a set of numbers to their customers. a) Customers dial an IVR number on their mobile phones. ) They are greeted by a stored electronic message followed by a menu of options. c) Customers select an option by pressing the corresponding number on their keypads. d) A text-to-speech program reads out the desired information. IVR is the least sophisticated and the least mobile of all the solutions. In fact, it doesnt require a mobile phone at all. It also only allows for inquiry-based transactions, so customers cant use it for more advanced services. - 3. 9 Mobile Banking Business Model Banking models is evolving.If mobile banking is be used to attract low-income populations in often rural locations, the business model will depend on banking type. These models differ primarily on the question that who will establish the relationship (account opening, deposit taking, lending etc. ) to the end customer. Bank-focused model The bank-focused model emerges when a traditional bank uses non-traditional low-cost delivery channels to provide banking services to its lively customers. Example range from use of automatic teller machines (ATMs) to internet banking or mobile phone banking to provide certain limited banking services to banks customers.Bank-led model The bank-led model offers a distinct alternative to conventional branch-based banking in that customer conducts fi nancial transactions through mobile phone instead of at bank branches or through bank employees. This model promises the potential to substantially step-up the financial services outreach by using retailers or mobile phones. Non-bank-led model The non-bank-led model is where a bank has a limited role in the day-to-day account management. Typically its role in this model is limited to safe-keeping of funds.Account management functions are conducted by a non-bank who has direct contact with individual customers. - 3. 10 Advantage of Mobile Banking The biggest advantage that mobile banking offers to banks is that it drastically cuts down the costs of providing service to the customers. For example an average teller or phone transaction costs about $2. 36 each, whereas an electronic transaction costs only about $0. 10 each. Additionally, this new channel gives the bank ability to cross-sell up-sell their other complex banking products and services such as vehicle loans, credit cards et c.For service providers, Mobile banking offers the nigh surest way to achieve sourth. Countries like Korea where mobile penetration is nearing saturation, mobile banking is helping service providers increase revenues from the now static subscriber base. Service providers are more and more using the complexity of their supported mobile banking services to attract new customers and retain old ones. A very effective way of improving customer service could be to inform customers better. Credit card device is one such area.A bank could, through the use of mobile technology, inform owners each time purchases above a certain value have been made on their card. This way the owner is always informed when their card is used, and how much money was interpreted for each transaction. Similarly, the bank could remind customers of outstanding loan repayment dates, dates for the payment of monthly installments or simply tell them that a bill has been presented and is up for payment. The custome rs can then check their balance on the phone and authorize the required amounts for payment. The customers can also request for additional information.They can automatically view deposits and withdrawals as they occur and also pre- schedule payments to be made or cheques to be issued. Similarly, one could also request for services like stop cheque or issue of a cheque book over ones mobile phone. There are number of reasons that should persuade banks in favor of mobile phones. They are set to become a crucial part of the total banking services experience for the customers. Also, they have the potential to bring down costs for the bank itself. Through mobile messaging and other such interfaces, banks provide value added services to the customer at marginal costs.Such messages also bear the virtue of being targeted and personal making the services offered more effective. They will also carry better results on account of better customer profiling. Yet another benefit is the anywhere/an ytime characteristics of mobile services. A mobile is almost always with the customer. As such it can be used over a vast geographic area. The customer does not have to visit the bank ATM or a branch to avail of the banks services. Research indicates that the number of footfalls at a banks branch has fallen down drastically after the installation of ATMs.As such with mobile services, a bank will need to hire even less employees as people will no longer need to visit bank branches apart from certain occasions. With Indian telecommunication operators working on offering services like money transaction over a mobile, it may soon be possible for a bank to offer phone based credit systems. This will make credit cards redundant and also aid in checking credit card fraud apart from offering enhanced customer convenience. The use of mobile technologies is thus a winwin proposition for both the banks and the banks customers.The banks add to this personalized communication through the process of automation. For instance, if the customer asks for his account or card balance after conducting a transaction, the installed software can send him an automated reply communicate of the same. These automated replies thus save the bank the need to hire additional employees for servicing customer needs. - 3. 11 Disadvantage of Mobile Banking security measure Security experts primarily agree that mobile banking is safer than computer banking because very few viruses and Trojans exist for phones.That does not mean mobile banking is immune to security threats, however. Mobile users are especially persuasible to a phishing-like scam called smishing. It happens when a mobile banking user receives a fake text message asking for bank account details from a cab posing as a financial institution. Many people have fallen for this trick and had money stolen through this scam. Online banking is usually done through an encrypted connection so that hackers cannot read transmitted data, but consider the consequences if your mobile device is stolen.While all banking applications require us to enter a password or PIN, many people configure their mobile devices to save passwords, or use insecure passwords and PINs that are aristocratic to guess. Compatibility We need a smart phone to get the most out of mobile banking. Mobile banking is not available on every device. Some banks do not provide mobile banking at all. Others require you to use a custom mobile banking application only available on the most popular smart phones, such as the Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberry. Third-party mobile banking software is not always supported.If we do not own a smart phone, the types of mobile banking we can do are usually limited. Checking bank account balances via text message is not a problem, but more advanced features such as account transfers are generally not available to users of ho-hum phones. Cost The cost of mobile banking might not appear significant if we already have a compatible device, but we still need to pay data and text messaging fees. Some financial institutions charge an supererogatory fee for mobile banking service, and we may need to pay a fee for software. These extra charges quickly add up, especially if we access mobile banking 4. 1 Incentive disbursement utilizing Mobile Banking DBBL providing incentive disbursement services by utilizing mobile banking. This is very quick & convenient process of incentive disbursement. Some companies are signed agreement with DBBL for this service. Such as Dutch-Bangla Bank (DBBL) and D. Net has signed an agreement on August 07, 2012 on Mobile Banking Services at the Head Office of DBBL. The agreement was signed by Dr. Ananya Raihan, Executive Director of D. Net and Mr. K. S. Tabrez, Managing Director of DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations.Under this agreement, field level agents of D. Net will receive their commission in their DBBL Mobile Banking Accounts. After receiving their incent ive, commission, salary in their mobile accounts, the agents will be able to withdraw/ deposit cash from any nearby agent or DBBL branches, withdraw money from any DBBL ATM, transfer money to other mobile accounts, buy goods and services from retailers and pay utility bills end-to-end the country and moreover will get the opportunity of Banking with a bank. Dr. Ananya Raihan, Executive Director of D. Net and Mr. K. S.Tabrez, Managing Director of DBBL sign on behalf of their respective organizations. - 4. 2 Salary payment utilizing Mobile Banking DBBL providing salary payment services by utilizing mobile banking. This service makes quick salary payment to large number of employee in organization. Some company signed agreement with DBBL for this service. Such as Dutch-Bangla Bank (DBBL) andBengalGroup of Industries have signed an agreement on MobileBankingServices at the DBBL Head Office on June 06, 2012. The agreement was signed by Mr. Humayun Kabir, Director, Bengal Group of Indust ries and Mr.Mir Mominul Huq, Head of Mobile Banking, DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations. Under this agreement, employees ofBengalGroupof Industries will receive their monthly salaries in their DBBL Mobile Banking Accounts. After receiving their salaries in their mobile accounts, employees will be able to withdraw/ deposit cash from any nearby agent, DBBL branches and ATMs, transfer money to other mobile accounts, buy goods and services from retailers and pay utility bills throughout the country and moreover will get the opportunity of banking with a bank. Mr. Mir Mominul Huq, Head of Mobile Banking and Mr.Humayun Kabir, Director, Bengal Group of Industries, DBBL on behalf of their respective organizations. - 4. 3 Real Cardless ATM Transaction utilizing Mobile Banking At DBBL, the mobile banking customers physically go to an ATM, push the Mobile Banking marked button, type their mobile account number, the amount to withdraw, their PIN and push the Correct marked button. The customers then receive a Push-sms or IVR call to their mobile phone from the Mobile Banking system requesting them to type their PIN again on their mobile phone.The customers then type their PIN and the ATM dispenses the pass on money. In the DBBL process, the customers operate the ATM using their mobile phone instead of a debit or credit card. DBBL has innovated a real cardless ATM transaction for the first time in the world which is AML compliant, convenient and secure, protecting you from the risk of ATM frauds like skimming. Real Cardless ATM Transactions For the first time in the world. - 4. 4 Prepaid Top-UP utilizing Mobile Banking.All the Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking account holders no longer have to take the time and trouble of finding and visiting a nearby location to top-up their mobile phone talk time/airtime. With the convenience of Dutch-Bangla Bank Mobile Banking, they can top up their own or someone elses talk time/ airtime free of charge. anytime. anywhere . Top-up using with Mobile Banking. - 5. 1 Implementation of Mobile Banking through coarse People Rural poor people living on less than 140 taka a day, they can receive banking services via their mobile phones.It probably wont happen, but it would be astound if it did. ? increment Interest to Use Many rural people heard about mobile banking. But they yet have not felt that they should use it as they are happy to use traditional banking system. Some people feel interest to use it. About 55% people feel they should use it and 45% people havent feel to use mobile banking. ? Make easy transfer of money The problem of domestic remittances is often overlooked. large cities like Dhaka are home to millions of migrants who would love to send money back to their families elsewhere in the country but who are unbanked and have no real means of doing so.But they want to send money to village. The ability to remit money domestically with little more than a text message could be revolutionary. ? Transfer international remittance Peoples international remittances, which already a big part of national income, can be transferred by mobile phone to their relatives. Mobile banking has ability to send money directly from mobile phone to mobile phone is orders of magnitude easier and cheaper. ? Reduce Cost and increase saving About 75% rural people are poor, they lives under poverty line.It is convenient, low-priced and it is much more effective in developing savings habits, it will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. All people know that its cost is not higher than traditional banking. some 56% people say its cost is lower, 20% say same and 24% say it is affordable than traditional banking. ? Make them banked Then theres the emphasis on the rural people to introduce in banking. Although the rural people are more likely to be unbanked and therefore in need of mobile banking services, they havent been directly targeted by many of the fir st wave of mobile banking providers.The rural people, of course, are both a new customer segment and generally the very last adopters of any new technology. Its hard to sell banking services to someone who neither knows nor understands what a bank is. ? Motivate them to use their Accounts Another risk is that the goal will be reached but in name only, people might have mobile-banking accounts, and might even automatically get such an account when they get their phone. But the accounts might not be used, and in so far as they are used, they might be use only for payments and not for real banking services.So they have to be motivated. ? Make it easy to use It is much more effective in developing savings habits. Its using system is also easy. Anyone can use it. Poor rural people are often not considered viable customers by the formal financial sector as their transaction sizes are small, and many live in remote areas beyond the reach of banks branch networks. ? Aware them that Mobile B anking is better than Traditional Banking Mobile banking is real time online banking. take them how mobile banking is on-line banking and it takes less time than traditional banking.It will make access to banking and advanced payment, transactions at affordable cost. ? Introduce Time Saving banking Mobile banking is available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. So it can save ones time. But about 70% people think that mobile banking can save their time, where as 30% think it cannot save time. ? Make secure and trust worthy banking Make mobile banking much safer and safeguard against deceitful transactions, and one can trust mobile banking as traditional banking system. Show them it has secured pin code which is known by the user, and also has a check digit without it no one can deposit money.The poor rural people often have greater familiarity and trust with mobile phone companies than formal banking institutions. ? salve them from unnecessary harassment Informal banking se rvices such as microfinance and village savings and loan associations remain limited in their reach. So, mobile banking system develops to bring poor rural people into banking system. 83% people face or heard no problem to use mobile banking. But 17% people heard or face problems to use it like sometimes transaction do not reach at time, cannot operate it easily as traditional banking. Make a promise to serve better The promise of mobile banking for the rural people is that mobile phone providers have managed to get a score of penetration among the countrys rural people. Mobile phone providers are likely to continue in the direction theyre headed in at the moment, staying away from banking regulation, confining themselves largely to payments rather than fully-fledged banking, and targeting their entire customer base without any particular emphasis on the bottom of the pyramid.Will the mobile phone companies sign on, even if they see lots of regulative headaches and very few profit s by doing so? The answer to that question could be the given by the mobile companies and banks. - 5. 2 Benefits of Mobile Banking in future of rural people. Mobile banking has several benefits for peoples, specially for rural poor people ? Mobile banking Makes Life Easier It is real time on-line banking, available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. It is convenient, affordable and secure it is much more effective in developing savings habits ?Speedy and safeguard It will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. It is much safer, speedy and safeguard against fraudulent transactions. All of the characteristics of mobile banking make life easier. ? Secure In mobile banking is Secure, a confidential pin code is used by the user. PIN disciplines security of money and protects fraudulent transactions. So mobile banking is fully secured. ?Any time access sensation benefit of mobile banking is a very speedy process. Transaction can be done anyt ime anywhere quickly in less time. 00% people believe that it is a speedy process. ? Small account for poor Mobile banking started with the idea to bring the poor rural under the umbrella of banking sector especially rural poor as there are not much bank facilities, also there savings is low so they feel unsure to go to bank. ? Easy to use Its using system is also easy. Anyone can use it. ? Easy way to send money People are like to send money easily to their relatives Mobile banking has ability to send money directly by mobile phone. People can get the service of easy transferring money through mobile banking. Remittance transfer International remittances can be transferred by mobile phone to one country to another. Mobile banking has ability to send money directly from mobile phone to mobile phone. ? Increase banking activities Although the rural people are unbanked by mobile banking services they are converted into banked people. It is developing savings habits, it will make acce ss to banking and advanced payment transactions. - 5. 3 Challenges for a Mobile Banking Solutions primal challenges in developing sophisticated mobile banking applications are . Handset operability There are a large number of different mobile phone devices and it is a big challenge for banks to offer mobile banking solution on any type of device. Some of these devices support Java ME and others support SIM coat Toolkit, a WAP browser, or only SMS. Initial interoperability issues however have been localized, with countries like India using portals like R-World to enable the limitations of low end java based phones, while focus on areas such as South Africa have defaulted to the USSD as a basis of communication achievable with any phone.The desire for interoperability is largely dependent on the banks themselves, where installed applications (Java based or native) provide better security, are easier to use and allow development of more complex capabilities similar to those of intern et banking while SMS can provide the basics but becomes difficult to operate with more complex transactions. There is a myth that there is a challenge of interoperability between mobile banking applications due to perceived lack of common technology standards for mobile banking.In practice it is too early in the service lifecycle for interoperability to be address within an individual country, as very few countries have more than one mobile banking service provider. In practice, banking interfaces are well defined and money movements between banks follow the IS0-8583 standard. As mobile banking matures, money movements between service providers will naturally adopt the same standards as in the banking world. On January 2009, Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) Banking Sub-Committee, chaired by CellTrust and VeriSign Inc. published the Mobile Banking Overview for financial institutions in which it discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Mobile Channel Platforms such as Short Mes sage Services (SMS), Mobile Web, Mobile Client Applications, SMS with Mobile Web and Secure SMS. 2. Security Security of financial transactions, being executed from some remote location and transmission of financial information over the air, are the most complicated challenges that need to be communicate jointly by mobile application developers, wireless network service providers and the banks IT departments.The following aspects need to be addressed to offer a secure fundament for financial transaction over wireless network * Physical part of the hand-held device. If the bank is offering smart-card based security, the physical security of the device is more important. * Security of any thick-client application running on the device. In case the device is stolen, the hacker should require at least an ID/Password to access the application. * trademark of the device with service provider before initiating a transaction. This would ensure that unauthorized devices are not connected t o perform financial transactions. User ID / Password certification of banks customer. ? Encryption of the data being transmitted over the air. * Encryption of the data that will be stored in device for later / off-line analysis by the customer. * One-time passwords (OTPs) is the a la mode(p) tool used by financial and banking service providers in the fight against cyber fraud. Instead of relying on traditional memorized passwords, OTPs are requested by consumers each time they want to perform transactions using the online or mobile banking interface. When the request is received the password is sent to the consumers phone via SMS.The password is expired once it has been used or once its scheduled life-cycle has expired. Because of the concerns made explicit above, it is extremely important that SMS gateway providers can provide a decent quality of service for banks and financial institutions in regards to SMS services. Therefore, the provision of service level agreements (SLAs) is a requirement for this industry it is necessary to give the bank customer delivery guarantees of all messages, as well as measurements on the speed of delivery, throughput, etc. SLAs give the service parameters in which a messaging solution is guaranteed to perform. . Application distribution Due to the nature of the connectivity between bank and its customers, it would be impractical to expect customers to regularly visit banks or connect to a web site for regular upgrade of their mobile banking application. It will be expected that the mobile application itself check the upgrades and updates and download necessary patches (so called Over the Air updates). However, there could be many issues to implement this approach such as upgrade / synchronization of other dependent components. - 5. Problems to implement of Mobile Banking through rural people Key challenges in developing a sophisticated mobile banking application through rural people are * Poverty Poverty is a main problem of 3 rd world country like Bangladesh. Rural people are not able to buy their food easily, so how they can buy a mobile phone or open a account in bank? * Illiterate people A big amount of rural people are illiterate, so they are not certain of banking system yet. So they are not interested in mobile banking system. * Weak infrastructure The socio economic infrastructure is very weak in Bangladesh.About more than 80% rural people has no account in traditional banking system, where mobile banking is a new concept, people have uncertainty about mobile banking. * Lack of trust As it is a new method of banking people havent 100% faith on it. So, people dont want to take any risk by giving suggestion to use it. Rural people feel it will not make life easier as it may not be trust worthy and it is not secured as they cannot fully trust on online banking than traditional banking system. * Lack of awareness The rural people have lack of awareness they feel upper mark or middle class people c an use mobile banking. Operating complexity Handset operability is a vital problem of Mobile Banking There are a large number of different mobile phone devices and it is a big challenge for banks to offer mobile banking solution on any type of device. There is a problem that there is a challenge of interoperability between mobile banking applications due to perceived lack of knowledge in technology standards for mobile banking. * Security Security of financial transactions, being executed from some remote location and transmission of financial information over the air, are the most complicated challenges that eed to be addressed jointly by mobile application developers, wireless network service providers and the banks IT departments. When Security of any thick-client application running on the device. In case the device is stolen, the hacker should require at least an ID/Password to access the application. Banks unable to meet the performance and reliability expectations may lose cu stomer confidence. 6. 0 - Mobile Banking at a Glance - 6. 1 What is Mobile Banking?Mobile banking is a Banking process without bank branch which provides financial service to unbanked communities efficiently and at affordable cost. To provide banking and financial service through mobile technology devices i. e mobile phone called mobile banking. - 6. 2 Benefits of Mobile Banking * Real time on-line banking. * Available anytime, anywhere throughout the country. * It is convenient, affordable and secure. * It is much more effective in developing saving habits. * It will make access to banking and advanced payment transactions at affordable cost. It is much safe, speedy and safeguard against fraudulent transactions. 6. 3 - What does DBBL Mobile Banking offer? * Customer Registration. * Cash-in (Cash deposit). * Cash-out (Cash withdrawal) * Foreign Remittance. * Salary disbursement. * Person to person transfer (P2P). * Mobile Top-Up. * Balance inquiry. 6. 4 - Where to register? Customer can register at any authorized agent point of DBBL who can demo DBBL Agent Certificate and DBBL Mobile Banking Banner. . How to register mobile account? * Customer fills up the KYC Form and submits to agent along with his or her photograph and national ID. * Agent goes to Customer Registration Menu from his or her mobile and inserts customers mobile number. * Customer receives an IVR call or USSD prompt and in reply, she or he gives 4-digit PIN number at his or her choice. * A Mobile Account is created in DBBL system which is his or her mobile number +one check digit. * Customer receives a confirmation SMS which contains his or her Mobile Account Number. 2 . why PIN is required?PIN is required to be inputted during cash withdrawal from an Agent Point of DBBL or DBBL Branch or DBBL ATM. PIN ensure security of your money and protect fraudulent transactions. 3. Why PIN is strictly confidential? PIN is the key for transaction of Mobile Banking. Only correct match of PIN & Mobile Numbe r can access the Mobile Account. PIN is needed to verify the A/C owner by the system. If a PIN is disclosed, respective account is at risk therefore, PIN should be handled very carefully. 4. Why Check Digit? Mobile number is public and known to many people.Without knowing your check digit, none will be able to deposit money at your account, thus it helps to keep your mobile account confidential. On the other hand, a check digit eliminates typing error, thus protects sending or depositing money to a wrong account. 5. Which Telcos Mobile can be registered? Customer having any mobile from any mobile operator can be registered for DBBL Mobile Banking at any nominated agent point of the bank. 6. What are the necessary documents for registration? * Duly filled in KYC form. * Photograph of account holder. matter ID or any other acceptable ID with photograph. 7. What is my Mobile Account Number? Your mobile account number is your mobile number with an additional check digit. For example, i f your mobile number is 01233445566 and check digit is 3, then your mobile number account will be 012334455663. 8. What type of mobile set is required? Any type of mobile set can be used for DBBL mobile banking. 9. How much initial deposit is required? Customer can open a DBBL Mobile Account with an initial deposit of taka 100/- (one hundred) only. 10. Can I deposit and withdraw money immediately after registration?You can deposit money immediately after registration. However, you can withdraw after your account is fully registered. Bank officer verify the information on the registration form (KYC form) and authorizes the account for full registration. Normally 1-2working days are required for full registration. After your account is fully registrated, you will get an SMS notification. - 7. 1 Findings 1. Maximum people are unknown with DBBL Mobile Banking. 2. Maximum rural people are illiterate. 3. DDBL Mobile Banking only provides Savings Account facility not others. . DBBL not pro viding merchant payment service. 5. Sometimes facing network problem. 6. DBBL do not sanction loan by Mobile Banking. 7. Cash inflow & outflow charge is higher. 8. Hide information/ Not provide real information. 9. Difficult to collect necessary information. 10. Limited number of Mobile Banking Branch. - 7. 2 Recommendations After reviewing these problems, we can follow the following recommendations ? Increase Awareness The rural people have lack of awareness and they havent much faith on it.So banks and mobile phone companies and government have to make them aware about mobile banking. ? Interest to Use Banks and mobile phone companies and government have to promote the mobile banking system and grow interest in peoples mind. ? Develop infrastructure The socio economic infrastructure is very weak. Government has to develop the infrastructure to ensure education to all and then people can gather knowledge and they can remove their doubt about mobile banking. ? Make easier to use Mob ile banking system is easy, but to rural people it is not so easy to use.Mobile companies and banks have to make the process easier than now. ? Reduce cost I think the current mobile banking provider DBBL charge much for transaction. To grow interest in peoples mind transaction cost has to reduce. ? Security Security is the main barrier which has to ensure for mobile banking process. And many people have doubt in their mind about that. So the process has to make more Trust Worthy ? Campaign Rural people are not aware about banking system. About more than 80% of people has no account in traditional banking system, where mobile banking is a new concept.So it is essential to make campaigns in village to village to aware them. ? Tell the people about the benefits Mobile banking is a banking process that offers financial services like cash deposit, cash withdrawal, merchant payment, utility payment, salary disbursement, remittance inflow and outflow and government allowance disbursement through mobile gadgets. ? Develop operability Make easy and effective run of mobile phone to banking like using Short Message Services (SMS), Mobile Web, Mobile Client Applications, SMS with Mobile Web and Secure SMS will increase mobile banking activities. Ensure security through wireless network The physical security of the mobile device is more important. Security of any ID/Password is more important. ? Ensure reliability With mobile banking, the customer may be sitting in any part of the world (true anytime, anywhere banking) and hence banks need to ensure that the systems are up and running in a true 24 x 7 fashion will increase banks performance and reliability of customer. - 7. 3 Conclusion The growth of mobile banking technology is increasingly hard to ignore.Analyst firm & Research reports that nearly 50 percent of all mobile users in the join States will be using mobile banking within four years use mobile financial services today. With the advent of technology and incre asing use of smart phone and tablet based devices, the use of Mobile Banking functionality would enable customer connect across entire customer life cycle much comprehensively than before. Mobile banking can play a vital role both banking and mobile sector. It has also impact on social sector too. One day Mobile banking will make rural peoples life easier than today.Although it has been tried on the best level to make this report informative and better but limitations are inevitable for any report. Finally, we would like to say the overall performance of DBBL Mobile Banking section is excellent. Their progressive trends are quite uniform and steady. This will help the Bank and facilitate as a market leader in Banking sector. - Abbreviations DBBL=Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited. KYC= Know Your Customer. IVR= Interactive Voice Response. USSD=Unstructured supplemental Service Data.UISC=Union information and Service center. P2P=Person to person. ATM=Automated Teller Machine. PIN=Personal id entification number. - Questionnaire 1. DBBL Mobile banking division can provide services according to customer demand. * Yeas * No 2. What are the major constraints of mobile banking? 3. What are the objectives of DBBL ? 4. How many mobile Banking Account DBBL have? 5. What is the latest service of DBBL Mobile Banking? 6. Is rural people can easily adopt DBBL Mobile Banking service. 7. What is DBBL Future plan ? 8. What new service DBBL want to add with existing service? 9. Is Mobile Banking Division of DBBL profitable . 10. What are the major problem can you face? 11. What are the difference between DBBL Mobile Banking and bkash ? .. 12.What are the security measure taken from DBBL for Mobile account? 13. How do you provide foreign Remittance and Air Time Top- up service? .. 14. What are the CSR activities DBBL perform? .. 15. How DBBL instigate loan to its customer by Mobile banking? 16. Why DBBL cant sign deal with Gramen Phone and Robi ? But they are holding first and second position among Mobile phone operator. 17.In case of traditional Banking there is no charge for deposite or withdraw but in Mobile Banking customer have to pay charges for both deposite or withdraw. Why? .. - Bibliography References Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd. (DBBL) Mobile Banking Office , Agrabad , Chittagong. (2012, September 22) http//www. marketresearch. com (2012, September 22) http//www. dutchbanglabank. com (2012, September 22) http//www. dutchbanglabank. com/mobile_banking. html (2012,September22 ) http//www. bankinfobd. com/banks/17/Dutch_Bangla_Bank (2012, September 20) http//enwikipedia. rg/ wiki/mobile banking (2012, September 20 ) http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/smsbanking (2012, September 20) http//en. wilipedia. org/wiki/online banking (2012, September 20) http. //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/telephone banking (2012, September 20) http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/automated-tellermachine (2012, September 20) http//www. enterpriseinnovation. net (2012, September 20) http// www. sybase. com (2012, September 20) http//www. mbanking. blogspot. com (2012, September 20) http//www. grameen-info. org/index. php (2012, September 20) http//www. mobilebankingsystems. com

Israeli Palestinian Conflict

What is the bouffant deal about It? Why is it so important? The big issue is that in 1967, Israel claimed land after winning the Six Day War which the Palestinians now want back. This land, the Gaza Strip and West Bank, is considered contested territory, and both the Israelis and Palestinians argon settling In It.A multitude of solutions to this conundrum wipe out been proposed the matchless- severalize solution, the two-state solution, the here-state solution, and the list goes on. These solutions ar all based around the distribution of territory between the groups. I for one support the two-state solution which would divide the territory to form a Palestinian state specialize from Israel. My first reason for this solution is that the one-state solution, which is rather popular. Wouldnt accomplish anything. both(prenominal) groups wish to gain something for their own people, and one state shared between the two of them would undoubtedly cause more violence.Both the Jews and P alestinians have terrorist groups that combat the opposite nationality. These groups constitute of average citizens in the area who claim to represent their people, so, we can infer, each nationality has at least some sort of, either miniscule or massive, infixed aversion to each other. They would continue to fight within this states borders with even more ease. With as much rivalry as they have for each other, one state allowing free movement of these individuals would only make anti-Semitic or anti-lilacs terrorism easier.Another reason for the two-state solution Is to protect Israels existence. One can assume that since groups like Hams are the semi-organized authority over the Palestinians, and these groups dont recognize Israels authenticity as a country, many Palestinians dont recognize Israel. As a result of this, if there were to be one shared state, the Palestinians would have even more reason not to recognize Israel and to undermine the Israelites authority. Also, most p eople In the region support an end to violence and determine forward to an era of peace.The best way to achieve peace would be through separating both nationalist groups into two distinct democratic states. They wont have anything to fight over, and a common goal between the two would be achieved. An article by The Jerusalem post noted that, In a poll, 63% of Palestinians and 70% of Israelis express their support for an end to violence, an Increase of 2% for Israelis and 5% for Palestinians over last year. Many against the two-state solution may argue that two separate states cannot peacefully coexist when the Arabs dont recognize Israels existence.While this statement does have some merit, the main reason for this, in my opinion, Is due to the Palestinians forced reliance on fellow Arab states. The Palestinians were dictated out of their homeland and Into other Islamic-Arab nations, This only gives them 1 OFF reason not to accept Israel. It Israel were to allocate land tort a Pa lestinian state, the Palestinians cogency lessen their rivalry towards and may even exhibit support for Israel. Another opposition to my standpoint is that nobody has definitive right to the contested land.Miramar Gadding, former authoritarian of Libya stated, Neither the Palestinians, nor the Jews can be called the rightful or historical owners of the land. There have been many people on that land, and it would be best to accept that they would scarce have to live together, as Jews have been able to live amidst Muslim people Unfortunately, the Holy Lands have strong significance to both groups. However, if the Holy Lands were as distributed between the Jews and the Palestinians and the borders were to be officially recognized, both groups could be appeased.They would both maintain a piece of the land their Holy scripts were based off of, but they wouldnt be forced to live alongside one another. Finally, we can compare the two most prominent resolutions, the one-state solution and the two-state solution, side by side. The two-state solution will augment two independent countries, and, while the land allotment may not be ideal, it would resolve the warfare between both groups. The One-state solution would give both roofs equal rights to all of the land, but it wouldnt stop the Palestinians or the Jews from battling over prominence in the territory.If we use an analogy to represent this impasse, we can relate Israel and Palatines relationship as a cancer patient, the two-state as chemotherapy, and the one-state solution as palliative care. If we treat the patient with chemotherapy, they have a favorable chance of getting better, although they will make unfavorable drawbacks. On the contrary, if we treat the patient with palliative care, they will feel better for an indeterminate amount of time, but assuredly die eventually. In conclusion, the two-state solution, although not perfect, is the least flawed of all the proposals to resolve this contention.

Mydin Hypermarket Essay

How MYDIN grew from a small grocery shop till a Multi-Billion Ringgit Retail Chain MYDIN business activity is in retailing and wholesaling. The products set off from food line, household, soft-lines and hard-lines items. Hard-line products include hardware, electrical, stationery, porcelain and toys. Whilst soft-line comprises of textiles and fabrics products. Food line includes confectionery, drinks and beverages, delicatessen and dairy products. In their early years of operations, MYDINs focus has always been in the non-food domain until they bought over the first supermarket in Selayang in 1997.Each of the branches has their own business category, based on the capacity of goods traded. The category comprises hypermarket, emporium, minimarket, convenience shop, franchise store and bazaar. Currently, MYDIN operates to a greater extent than 90 outlets nation replete(p) inclusive of 16 hypermarkets, 16 emporiums, 3 bazaars, 48 minimarkets (MyMydin), 8 convenience shops (MyMart) and 6 franchise outlets (Mydin Mart). Each of the hypermarkets is located in MYDIN Mall. preceding(prenominal) all, MYDIN operates its business based on Halal concepts and stresses on honesty, sincerity and good discipline in all aspects of its business.Company VisionMYDIN is the worlds tip distributor of competitive Halal goods and servicesCompany MissionWe aim to be the leading wholesale and retail company by providing the best value, wide assortment of goods and continuous excellence based on our business formulaSource http//www.mydin.com.my/mydin/about-mydin

Cross Cultural Ethical Perspectives

Cross-Culture Ethical Perspectives Amanda Bravo, Mary Malone, Doneice Johnson, Jose Robledo, Kanosha Mitchell, Josephine Johnson ETH/316 September 24, 2012 Bette Bellefeuille Cross-Culture Ethical Perspectives Globalization is common in most large geological formations as they thrive to maximize revenue and expand customer base by establishing trading operations in distinguishable countries and indoors different cultures. Consequently, these organizations have to consider cultural perspectives of the country in which that plan to operate.McDonalds, established in 1954 by Ray Kroc in conjunction with the McDonalds brothers and with over 30,000 restaurants in more than 120 countries, is one of the worlds biggest fast food restaurant chains employing 1. 7 million people (McDonalds, 2010-2012). This organization is no different and has to cheek issues resulting from globalization such as dietary preferences or needs from culture to culture or country to country as well as religio us belief as it relates to its advertising and such..A good example of the aforementioned was faced in India where currently McDonalds operates 123 restaurants (India Marks, 2011-2012). A large percentage of that population is Hindu or Muslim and Hindus do not eat beef and Muslims do not eat pork. With both types of meat being a large part of their scorecard, McDonalds had to reconsider the menu and decided to adapt it by introducing 100% vegetarian burgers and more than half of their menu being vegetarian (India Marks, 2011-2012). This has helped McDonalds be successful in that country.McDonalds does takes cross-culture issue serious and in one particular incident maybe too serious. In 2010 McDonalds had launched a new line of promotional touchy toys in Singapore which entailed a 12- vulcanized fiber Doraemon set depicting the animals of the Chinese zodiac calendar. Because McDonalds did not want to offend Muslims, they decided not to include the pig character in the line of toys and replaced it with a cupid to represent the Valentines Day. As a result, many Chinese customers were upset as they were keen on collecting each 12 characters.A flurry of irate emails and demands by collectors and customers followed which made the fast food restaurant reverse its finis and apologized for their insensitivity as it was never their intention to negligence any religion or culture. Experts say it showed a lack of cross-culture understanding. Daniel Goh, a sociologist, said that McDonalds did not consult Muslim opinions before making the decision then assumed Muslim sensibilities which amounted to a form of self-censorship. Dr.Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, said, Pigs and dogs are not non-halal, except when they are consumed (Loh, 2010). In any case, clearly McDonalds takes special cultural considerations and precaution when promoting products into other countries. As per the aforementioned, most of the issues that McDonalds faces as a result from globalization may b e different in perspective and in nature. In some countries the fast food chain has to accommodate its menu to the dietary needs or customs as done in India.Had the organization not done so, perhaps the chain would have been unsuccessful. In other countries however, it has to thrive to avoid any cultural insensitivity as was the case in Singapore with the promotional soft toys as it attempted to avoid insulting the Muslim community and unfortunately ended up being less supply to the Chinese community. McDonalds is a common household name in many countries, but has backlash from many cultures as mentioned with those among Chinese and Muslim communities.To cater to international customer McDonalds has added item to their menu such as the McArbia, the McPepper, and the Mushroom Pinwheel in Chinese and Middle Eastern countries (Old McDonalds has some Smarts in China, 2006). merely McDonalds has been viewed has having an curve on these countries by taking away from the cuisine and tr aditional foods that these cultures and accustomed to eating. Critics claim that the rapid spread of McDonalds and its fast-food rivals undermine indigenous cuisines and helps creates a homogenous, global culture (Watson, 2006).This is viewed by those who value the culture and history of the Korean, Chinese, Middle Eastern culture as taking away from the culture. McDonalds global operations not only is a threat to international cuisine but also factor into many of the religious beliefs with various types of items that are served on their menu such as beef whereas in many countries are holy among Hindus. Working from within the company, management realized that certain guidelines must be met within different cultural communities.The changing of the menu represented respect for the people that it hoped to become customers. A company must recognize standard cultural changes that influence the local operational area. However, understanding the local culture does not guarantee success of the operation. Just because the company is knowledgeable of the local culture and what to expect, does not bound what can actually occur. Assuming that certain cultures would be offended by a toy to be given out, shows lack of tact on McDonalds behalf.However, as organizations such as McDonalds attempt to increase market share by entering different countries and different cultures, proper research should evermore be done before automatically assuming anything about those cultures in order to be able to address issues that result from globalization. References India Marks. (2011-2012). What you can and cant get at McDonalds in India. Retrieved from http//www. indiamarks. com/what-you-can-cant-get-mcdonalds-india/ Loh, Larry. (2010). McDonalds frantic backpedaling The pig toy fiasco. ttp//www. cnngo. com/singapore/none/mcdonalds-pig-toy-fiasco-371923 McDonalds. (2010-2012). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http//www. mcdonalds. ca/ca/en/contact_us/faq. html Old MacDonalds has some smarts in China Chicago Sun-Times. Sun-Times News Group. 2006. Retrieved September 23, 2012 from HighBeam Research http/www. highbeam. com/doc/1P2-2791332. html Watson, J. L. (2006) Chinas Big Mac attack. In J. Johnson (Ed. ), Global Issues, local Arguments. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education

Cloud Computing for Academic Environment

Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 foreign Journal of Information and parley engineering Research 2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http//www. esjournals. org denigrate reckon for Academic Environment Ajith Singh. N1, M. Hemalatha2 2 Department of Computer Science, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India Department of Softw be Systems & Research, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India 1 ABSTRACT In traditional calculation, we install parcel programs on system (computer) update the hardw be as per our requirements.Documents we create or save are stored in our computer. Documents are accessible on our own net become, but they assholet be accessed by computers outside the network. Using of blotch cipher, the software programs arent run from ones personal computer, but are rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet. asperse Computing yields visions and capabilities of Information Technology (e. g. , applications, storages, communication, collaboration, alkali) via operate offered by CSP ( infect avail provider). demoralize Computing has various characteristics as touchd infrastructure, self-service, pay-per use model, dynamic and virtualized, e abideic and scalable. swarm computing in academic surroundings will be upbeatted by every student and provide where lots of collaboration and safety of information is penuryed in academic. Academic has various departments and many semesters where lots of students need to access the computing a need for highly available up-to-date software and hardware is must. blot out computing has the capacity of scaling and crack which is perfect for such an environment.Keywords smirch Computing, Web service, Virtualization, football field Computing, Virtual Computing Lab, higher education ecesiss I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing growth has taken all the attention of various communities like researches, student, business, consumer and government organization. macro data is the main reason for coming of mist over computing in the show, everyday lots of data in the size of PETA bytes are uploaded in the digital world which required lots of storage and computing resources.Cloud Computing is a marketing term which is alike known as utility computing birth the service as software, platform and infrastructure as a service in pay-as-you-go model to consumers. Berkeley report says on this services as Cloud computing, the massive held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more(prenominal) attractive as a service. Education has been gradually expanded, and the education object has slowly turned to social provide.The teaching method from black board to online is growing fast than ever. An online motorbus which helps has to take class in any hour is an advance of learning development technology. E-learning and online solution is what we required in education environment. With the increasing n umber in receiving education, a series of parvenue problems have emerged. For example As teaching methods change, the existing teaching-learning methods cannot meet demand and with the constant expansion of education, the existing teaching facilities also need to constantly update.When Cloud Computing appears, it provides a new solution to establish a unified, open and flexible network teaching platform and go down the hardware input 10. Internet is the resource where we can transform cloud computing, it can deliver the most advanced software and educational materials, hardware resources and services to students and educators in even the most impoverished or remote school districts in the state, without the need for advanced IT expertise at those locations. At the same point, it does more for significantly less, providing needed relief for currently strained education budgets 12.IT companies are eager to encourage educational adoption of cloud computing for example, Google Apps fo r Education suite comprises Google Mail, Calendar, Talk, Docs, Sites and Video with zero cost and without advertisements 1, According to a Forrester cost analysis 9, Google Apps is more effective than a Microsoft Exchange e-mail. Based on CSU research, the cost of software licensing, server hardware and staffing to support 50,000 users by utilise Microsoft Exchange e-mail (the number of undergraduate e-mail accounts at CSU) would be $9,774,000 per year 2.The cost of Google Apps for businesses is $50 per user per year, or with 50,000 users, $2,500,000 per year. The cost of Google Apps Education Edition, however, is $0 per year 2. As we can see from this example, the industrial cloud computing solution for the educational institution already gave an estimated savings from about $9,774,000 per year to $2,500,000 per year in the businesses version or to zero cost of licensing and equipment in the educational version.Taking into account the last two examples, we can see that both appro aches, industrial (or commercial) and non-commercial cloud computing solutions can be successfully employed within educational institutions and an new(prenominal) example, IBM launched IBM Cloud Academy that 97 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research 2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http//www. esjournals. org s provide a global forum for educators, researchers and IT professionals from education industry to pursue cloud computing initiatives, develop skill and share best practices for reducing operating cost while improving quality and access to education. In this way users do not need to buy a server, only need to purchase cogitate services can create an efficient network teaching platform 10. Using of cloud computing in academicians in universities are not apprised of benefits and characteristic of minimizing the cost of cloud computing.From an ITmanagement view, it radically reduces resource ma nagement costs including electric power, cooling and system management personnel, while driving up the drill of servers and software licenses, which in turn reduces purchasing requirements 12. Lab Problem The maintenance of dozens of computers in the labs becomes a burden for the system administrator. This paper proposed diskless cluster computing environment in a computer classroom and the development of teaching network management system in computer classroom.In this paper we discuss the Cloud Computing paradigm and characteristics, service and deployment models, implementations of cloud services at universities, and various opportunities and benefits of Cloud Computing for universities & academic institutions. Finally, we suggest a blueprint prototype of Cloud Computing for Academic Environment. IV. Benefits of Cloud Computing Reduced implementation and maintenance costs Increased mobility for a global workforce Flexible and scalable infrastructures apace period to mar ket IT department transformation (focus on innovation vs.Maintenance and implementation) Greening of the data center Increased availability of high- action applications to small/medium-sized businesses 3 Cloud Computing II. RELATED WORKS Invent of Internet changes the way we use of computer. From mail to shopping we all depend on this huge group of network computer. Cloud computing has undefiledly changes what the internet means. Powerful of desktop application is available on net and storage is available online wherever we go from any device. ELearning and weather vane 2. 0 learning totally changes of education system.Teacher and student work together in online project not in school or colleges but from sept also. Teaching has never been easy without cloud computing 10. Definitions of cloud is defined by many expert, but the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) definition is a generally accepted standard Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-dem and network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (such as networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. 4 More simply, a cloud can be considered to be a collection of hardware, software and other resources that can be accessed over the Internet, and used to assemble a solution on demand (that is, at the time of the request) to provide a set of services back to the requester. When analyzed the definitions, there is a consensus on few key points (1) Cloud Computing checker on-demand access to a pool of computing resources, (2) dynamically scalable services, (3) device and media independency, and (4) easier maintenance of applications due to do not need to be installed on users computers.Cloud computing should be elasticity and scalability. Figure (1) 5, adapted 4 shows six phases of computing paradigms, from dummy terminals/mainframes, to PCs, n etworking computing, to grid and cloud computing. In phase 1, many users shared powerful mainframes using dummy terminals. In phase 2, stand-alone PCs became powerful enough to meet the majority of users needs. In phase 3, PCs, laptops, and servers were connected together through local networks to share resources and increase performance.In phase 4, local networks were connected to other local networks forming a global network such as the Internet to utilize remote applications and resources. In phase 5, grid computing provided shared computing power and storage through a distributed computing. III. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH Students learning is no longer moderate within the classroom in the era of e-learning 2. 011. The environment of IT education could be improved to let student access learning resources anywhere. IGNOU (Indira Gandhi national Open University) is the estimable example of e-learning.The free software can be adopted for constructing the cloud computing service for the environment of IT like OpenOffice. org such as word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. only if a browser is needed for students to connect to the cloud computing service for learning. 98 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research 2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http//www. esjournals. org Figure 2. Cloud computing service models VI. CLOUDS COMPUTING IN UNIVERSITIESA Cloud-computing service that will let universities and colleges build impost clandestine clouds that can be integrated into public cloud services 10. Three main factors interests in Cloud Computing 1) rapid decrease in hardware cost and increase in computing power and storage capacity, and the advent of multi-core architecture and modern supercomputers consisting of hundreds of thousands of cores 2) the exponentially growing data size in scientific instrumentation/simulation and Internet publishing and archiving and 3) the wides pread adoption of Services Computing and Web 2. applications. For example, a university student taking a college maths course could access a cloud from his or her door room, to obtain a physical or virtual server (with the necessary storage) and a retroflex of Maple or MATLAB software running on it to use for homework or a class project. Likewise, an elementary school teacher could access the same cloud to request one virtual machine for each of his or her students running Mathmedia software, as part of his or her classroom instructional activities 12. Figure 1. Six computing paradigms Image source smart-cloud-computing. logspot. com V. CLOUD PLATFORMS AND SERVICE DEPLOYMENT MODELS A. Essential Cloud Characteristics ? On-demand self-service ? Broad network access ? Resource pooling ? Location independence ? Rapid elasticity ? Measured service B. Cloud Service Models ? Software as a Service (SaaS) ? Use providers applications over a network ? political program as a Service (PaaS) ? Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud ? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ? Rent processing, storage, network capacity C. Cloud Deployment Models ? Public-Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure ?Private-enterprise owned or leased ? Hybrid-composition of two or more clouds ? Community-shared infrastructure for specific community VII. PRIVATE CLOUD FOR UNIVERSITIES Private cloud (also called internecine cloud or corporate cloud) is a marketing term for a proprietary computing architecture that provides hosted services to a limited number of mint behind a firewall. Advances in virtualization and distributed computing have allowed corporate network and datacenter administrators to effectively become service providers that meet the needs of their customers within the corporation.Marketing media that uses the words private cloud is designed to appeal to an organization that needs or wants more control over their data than they can get by using a third-party hosted se rvice such as Amazons Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) or Simple Storage Service 99 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research 2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http//www. esjournals. org (S3) 6. Fig. 3 Represent the private cloud of an organization. be enabling on university campus to sentry go of student, staff, and lecture data. Business Applications Figure 3 Example of Private cloud in organizations Hosted in the cloud are probably the most promising cloud service and the most interesting topic for computer science education because it can give businesses the option to pay as they go while providing the big-impact benefit of the latest technology advancements 7. The involvement of students in such type of projects with real customers is mutually beneficial to students, faculty and businesses. Personal Productivity Applications VIII. PROPOSED EDUCATIONAL CLOUD INFRASTRUCTER PROTOTYPEDesign of Cloud Infr astructure needed the following service and application Collaboration Application move email and PIM (personal information manager) to managed service providers. IDC says that 67 percent of survey respondents recollect collaboration applications such as email, chat, conferencing and collaborative file sharing solutions such as SharePoint are a great fit for the cloud because they reduce costs in the short term 7. For collaboration application GMAIL apps come in handy without any charges. For our International conference I have uploaded spreadsheet for collaboration work here any person involves in maintaining the office work is done online. Web Serving CIchannelinsider. com predicts that hosted mobile applications through carriers and mobile software providers as headspring as document-editing applications like those from DataViz and Quick office are also expected to gain traction 7. Mobile phone is widely used among student and staff application or service develop in universit y campus can be used in mobile device also which means every time we are connected to university campus. A university mini Facebook would be a great deal to share and update news among the student and staff.IX. SUGGESTED ACADEMIC ENVIRONEMNT CLOUD Moving web servers, management and analytic tools to the cloud is also at the top of the prioritized list, because this will reduce maintenance costs and reliance on subscription models as vigorous as improve rapidness of deployment 7. Cloud Sever is the key part of the computing platform to ensure its scalability. All the resource can be store at this cloud server which includes online videos, audios, pictures, and course wares etc. This web server infrastructure in cloud computing can share resources for educational and research purposes. Cloud Backup Some companies like Asigra are moving disaster recovery and back-up to the cloud. As IDC says, in spite of cloud security concerns, 60 percent of enterprises are still considering moving b ack-up off-site to the cloud to protect against natural disasters, IT mishaps, power outages and other unforeseen catastrophic events 7. Drop Box is a free service to take back up of our data in cloud environment it enable synchronize with any device wherever drop box is install. A cloud backup service can The study aims to suggest a cloud environment for academic purposes.Academic environment is where lots of computer is uses and many of them are not in use which lead to malfunction of computer and maintenance is highly complicated due to lack of staff. The propose cloud computing environment will be of storage infrastructure, development platform, and software delivering. Changing of hardware resources and lots of storage capacity is required in academic environment computing lab 11. Many universities and colleges started using thin client technology to reduce the cost but thin client is not suitable for high performance computing.Office applications, programming language, and mul timedia developing courses are not only for IT department but too many departments also. Also every year, the new versions of applications were used for courses with prize to the needs of industry. As a natural result of this progress, new software cause new hardware costs 11. Installing and maintaining will be free from everyone. Whenever any new software appears many of hardware dont support and everyday many bytes of storage are required where loss of data is very high due to improper handling of computer by many student. Student mistakenly or unknowingly deletes other data.By using cloud computing in academic environment collaboration among the staff and student will be more like using Google docs or any other private 100 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research 2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http//www. esjournals. org collaboration design on office 635. Cloud Computing will be of great help. By giving a virtual machine to everyone and a secure watchword student and staff will work on their own virtual machine and if anything happens will only crash the virtual machine not the inviolate system.Below Fig. 4 represents the proposed cloud computing for academic environment. By this way, lecturers will focus their basic tasks and not lose their workforce. With this cloud computing environment student can work from their lab as well from home. Where there data and application will be available always. 2 Dan R. Herrick. 2009. Google this using Google apps for collaboration and productivity. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGUCCS gloam conference on User services conference (SIGUCCS 09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 55-64. DOI=10. 1145/1629501. 1629513 http//doi. acm. rg/10. 1145/1629501. 1629513 3 Rittinghouse,J. W. , & Ransome,J. F. (2010). Cloud Computing Implementation, Management, and Security. New York Taylor and Francis Group. 4 http//www. cmlab. csie. ntu. edu. tw/jimmychad/CN 20 11/Readings/CloudComputingNewWine. pdf 5 Furht,B. , and Escalante,A. (2010). Handbook of Cloud Computing. New York customs duty http//searchcloudcomputing. techtarget. com/definition /private-cloud 6 http//www. channelinsider. com/c/a/CloudComputing/Top-5-Cloud-Applications-for-2010319995/? kc=EWWHNEMNL02262010STR2Cloud computing. http//en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttp//w ww. google. com/a/help/intl/en/admins/pdf/forrester_cl oud_email_cost_analysis. pdf 7 Khmelevsky,Y. , and Voytenko,V. (2010). Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype for University Education and Research. Proceedings of the fifteenth Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education. Kelowna, Canada ACM. 8 Personalized and self regulated learning in the Web 2. 0 era International exemplars of innovative pedagogy using social software, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 2010, 26(1), 28-43 9 http//code. google. om/appengine/docs/whatisgooglea ppengine. html 10 The Research and Application of Network Teaching Platform Based on Cloud Computing, Zhang Tao and Jiao Long, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, August 2011 11 Cloud Computing For Distributed University Campus A Prototype Suggestion, Mehmet Fatih Erkoc, Serhat Bahadir Kert, http//www. pixelonline. net/edu_future/common/download/Paper_pdf/ ENT30-Erkoc. pdf 12 The work shift of Education through State Education Clouds, www. ibm. com/ibm/files/N734393J24929X18/EBW0 3002-USEN-00. df Figure 4 Academic Cloud Computing Image source Erkoc. pdf http//www. pixel-online. net/edu_future/common/download/Paper_pdf/ENT30- X. outcome Cloud computing is a solution to many problem of computing. Even we are in IT ages complication of computing has created much disaster to computer world. hemorrhoid of crisis has happen in business world as well as in academic environment. Data security, storage, processing power is limited while using traditional computing. Data are also in risk and not available all time. But by using of cloud computing the entire problem is solve.Computer in academic environment must have the latest hardware and software. Due to cost many couldnt fulfill the availability of resource to student and staff by using cloud computing in academic environment we can solve all the issue. Cloud computing is new technology suitable for any environment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank Karpagam University for motivating and encouraging doing our Research work in a Successful. REFERENCES 1 Behrend,T. S. , Wiebe,E. N. , London,J. E. , and Johnson,E. C. (2011). Cloud computing adoption and physical exertion in community colleges. Behavior & Information Technology, 30 (2), 231240. 101